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[原创]荷兰与我国蘑菇工厂的投入产出分析

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发表于 2011-12-20 15:23:22 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 杨国良 于 2015-8-4 17:27 编辑

<span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '黑体'; FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font color="#0000ff">荷兰与我国蘑菇工厂的投入产出分析</font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><!--EndFragment--><br/><font color="#0000ff">杨国良&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.58pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p><font color="#0000ff"></font></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.52pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/><font color="#0000ff">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; <font size="4">蘑菇的工厂化栽培是机械化、标准化、集约化的先进生产方式,产菇不受气候和季节的限制。本文对荷兰和我国蘑菇工厂化栽培的投入产出数据进行了分析比较。</font></strong></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.8pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '黑体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">1&nbsp;&nbsp;荷兰菇厂的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '黑体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">投入与产出</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '黑体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '黑体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">1.1&nbsp;&nbsp;固定资产投入</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">荷兰约</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">50%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">栽培面积的蘑菇都是割菇机采收的。由于荷兰蘑菇生产的高度机械化、自动化,导致蘑菇总产量增加,但工厂数量减少,由1980年的1&nbsp;100家缩减为近年的250家左右,小型蘑菇工厂年产鲜菇约700t(平均日产2t),大型蘑菇工厂年产约5&nbsp;000t(平均日产14t),250家菇厂年总产鲜菇25万多t,其中40%用于鲜销,60%制成罐头销售。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.52pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">根据欧洲最大蘑菇设备制造商荷兰Christianens公司的报价,建一座年产800t鲜菇的蘑菇工厂,12间菇房与设备投资160万欧元,配套水、电及建设费用40万欧元,共计200万欧元,按汇率1︰10折合人民币2000万元</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">(表1)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">。生产所需培养料由专业制料公司提供,因而荷兰的菇厂不需建设隧道、料场等设施,这种产业化分工使菇厂节省了建设资金。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 23.52pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">荷兰菇房规格与产菇能力如下:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">1室面积125㎡(长19.5m,宽6.42m,高4.3m);1室菇床面积280㎡(1.4m×16.7m×6层×2排);12室菇床面积3360㎡</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">(建筑面积约3000㎡)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,周年栽培8轮,每轮45天,年栽培总面积26880㎡,平均产鲜菇30千克/㎡(采3潮菇),年总产鲜菇806t。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></font></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p><font color="#0000ff"><strong></strong></font></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">表1&nbsp;&nbsp;荷兰蘑菇工厂的固定资产投入(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><strong>按汇率1︰10折合人民币2000万元</strong></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><font color="#0000ff">)<br/><br/></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -10.5pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><font color="#0000ff">注:①2000万元固定资产折旧20年,每年100万元摊入26880</font></span><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">㎡,平均折旧费约37.2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">元/㎡。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -10.5pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;②未计入菇厂占用土地投资。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p17"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p><font color="#0000ff"></font></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p17"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p><font color="#0000ff"></font></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p17"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">1.2&nbsp;&nbsp;生产投入与产出</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">荷兰采菇工人的平均工资为每小时<font face="Times New="New"  Roman">160</font><font face="宋体">元,按每日</font><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">8</font><font face="宋体">小时计,日平均工资为</font><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">1&nbsp;300</font><font face="宋体">元。荷兰人工成本如此之高,菇价却相对便宜,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">鲜菇拍卖价格平均每千克<font face="Times New="New"  Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">元</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">超市<font face="Times New="New"  Roman">50</font><font face="宋体">元。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">笔者根据在荷兰实地考察所得数据,估算上述</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">蘑菇工厂的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">投入产出列于</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">表<font face="Times New="New"  Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">。以<font face="Times New="New"  Roman">1</font><font face="宋体">㎡</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">菇床为计算单位:总成本<font face="Times New="New"  Roman">547</font><font face="宋体">元</font><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">/</font><font face="宋体">㎡,产菇</font><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">千克</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,鲜菇成本<font face="Times New="New"  Roman">18.23</font><font face="宋体">元</font><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">/</font><font face="宋体">千克,按批发价</font><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">元<font face="Times New="New"  Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">千克</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,产值<font face="Times New="New"  Roman">750</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">元<font face="Times New="New"  Roman">/</font><font face="宋体">㎡,利润</font><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">203</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">元,年总栽培<font face="Times New="New"  Roman">26880</font><font face="宋体">㎡,年利润</font><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">545.6</font><font face="宋体">万元。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">近年来波兰、匈牙利等</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">东欧国家的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">蘑菇工厂迅速兴起。其具有较低</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">的人工成本、欧盟成员国的贸易优势以及较短的运输距离,因而蘑菇相对便宜。市场竞争使荷兰的菇价下滑,菇厂生产效益下降。因此,近年荷兰先进的蘑菇生产技术和设备逐渐转移到原料、劳动力相对便宜的东欧国家。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p><font color="#0000ff"></font></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 47.25pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">表2&nbsp;&nbsp;荷兰菇厂生产投入与产出(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">按每㎡计人民币</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">)<br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><!--EndFragment--></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><!--EndFragment--><br/><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p><!--EndFragment-->

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发表于 2011-12-20 15:46:19 |显示全部楼层

2 国内菇厂的投入与产出(续前)

本帖最后由 杨国良 于 2015-8-4 17:27 编辑

<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.8pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '黑体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">2&nbsp;&nbsp;国内菇厂的投入与产出</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '黑体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 25.56pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">我国某菇厂采用进口设备,于2006年</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">投产</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,具有代表性。菇厂</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">占地200亩</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">(土地租金40万元/年)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">由荷兰PANBO公司整体规划设计,按照荷兰标准建设</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">引进了世界上最先进的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">蘑</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">菇工厂化生产成套设备,如FANCOM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">公司的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">自动化控制系统</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">、</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">TRAYMASTER</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">公司的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">混料设备</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">、</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">CHRISTIAENS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">公司的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">上料设备</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">、</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">YORK&nbsp;NOVENCO</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">公司的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">通风设备</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">、</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">BELIMO</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">公司的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">阀门自控系统和SIMENS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">公司的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">制冷设备等</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">。菇房采用</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">感应</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">器</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">进行变频自动调控,蒸汽升温,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">地下水</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">降温,节能环保。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">根据该菇厂运行5年来的数据资料,对其投入产出的分析如下:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">2.1&nbsp;&nbsp;固定资产投入</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">菇厂总投资</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? Roman?; ?yes?? mso-spacerun: 12pt; FONT-SIZE:>2700</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">万元</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">(表<font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>3因字数所限而略</font><font face="宋体">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">:一期建设包括制料场、</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? Roman?; ?yes?? mso-spacerun: 12pt; FONT-SIZE:>9</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">栋菇房及配套水、电设施,投资</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? Roman?; ?yes?? mso-spacerun: 12pt; FONT-SIZE:>2200</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">万元,其中土建工程占</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? Roman?; ?yes?? mso-spacerun: 12pt; FONT-SIZE:>32.9%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,进口设备占</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? Roman?; ?yes?? mso-spacerun: 12pt; FONT-SIZE:>31.5%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,配套设施占</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? Roman?; ?yes?? mso-spacerun: 12pt; FONT-SIZE:>16.8%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">;化验仪器占<font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>0.3%;</font><font face="宋体">二期增建</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? Roman?; ?yes?? mso-spacerun: 12pt; FONT-SIZE:>7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">栋菇房,采用国产设备,投资<font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>500</font><font face="宋体">万元,仅占总投资额的</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? Roman?; ?yes?? mso-spacerun: 12pt; FONT-SIZE:>18.5%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times new=" New? Roman?; ?yes?? mso-spacerun: 12pt; FONT-SIZE:><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">2.2&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">生产投入与产出</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">目前该菇厂有<font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>16</font><font face="宋体">间出菇房,</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>1</font><font face="宋体">栋菇房的菇床面积</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>482</font><font face="宋体">㎡(菇床长</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>33.5m</font><font face="宋体">×宽</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>1.2m</font><font face="宋体">×</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>6</font><font face="宋体">层×</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>2</font><font face="宋体">排)×</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>16=7700</font><font face="宋体">㎡菇床。栽培周期</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>61</font><font face="宋体">天,</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>1</font><font face="宋体">年</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>6</font><font face="宋体">轮×</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>7700</font><font face="宋体">㎡</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>=46200</font><font face="宋体">㎡,×</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>30</font><font face="宋体">㎏</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>/</font><font face="宋体">㎡(设计单产)</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>=1389t</font><font face="宋体">菇</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>/</font><font face="宋体">年总产,平均产菇</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>3.8t/</font><font face="宋体">天。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p17"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">目前该菇厂有</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">3条一次发酵槽(35m×6.6m×6m),1条二次发酵隧道</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">(28m×6m×5m)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,每周生产二次发酵料100多t,每周接种2菇室约1000㎡菇床。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 5.88pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">造料程序:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">草粪预堆<font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>7</font><font face="宋体">天→发酵槽一次发酵</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>13</font><font face="宋体">天倒仓</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>3</font><font face="宋体">次→隧道二次发酵</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>7</font><font face="宋体">天(总</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>27</font><font face="宋体">天)<br/></font></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.58pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">注:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">①</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">该菇厂如果全部采用国产隧道与菇房设备,同样产能可以节省固定资产投资<font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>50%</font><font face="宋体">!</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -10.5pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">②</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">该菇厂</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">占用土地200亩的租金为40万元/年,直接计入生产成本。&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">2.3&nbsp;&nbsp;菇厂生产的投入&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">菇厂生产总成本910万元/年,分项如下:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">(1)菌料成本:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">平均41.5元/㎡(表4因字数所限而略),年总栽培面积46200㎡/年,投入191.73万元,占生产总成本的21%。<br/></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">(2)能耗成本:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">菇厂每年电费</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">242</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">万元,锅炉耗煤及运转费用</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">58</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">万元,能源成本合计</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">300</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">万元(平均64.94元/㎡),占生产总成本的32.95%。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">(3)用工成本:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">菇厂满员运转时需要100多人,每年支出薪酬约204万元(平均44.16元/㎡),占生产总成本的22.42%。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">(4)折旧成本:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">菇厂前、后二期建设总投资2700万元,折旧率按5%,20年平均135万元/年,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">另加土地租金</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">40</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">万</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; COLOR: rgb(255,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">年,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">每年折旧成本175万元(平均37.88元/㎡),占生产总成本的19.23%。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">(5)其它成本:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">企业管理费等40万元</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">(平均8.66元/㎡)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">占生产总成本的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">4.4%。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">2.4&nbsp;&nbsp;菇厂生产的产出&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">我国菇厂为二区制设计,年产6轮,3潮菇</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">单产30</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">千克/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">㎡</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">。但是技术成熟需要一定时间,因而设第一阶段</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">单产为25&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">千克/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">㎡</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,第二阶段</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">为28</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">千克/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">㎡</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">,第三阶段</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">为30</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">千克/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">㎡</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">。蘑菇每千克平均销售价按</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">10元</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">计,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">每年的蘑菇产量、产值与利润数据列为表5(因字数所限而略)。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">表5&nbsp;&nbsp;国内菇厂年产菇量、产值与利润(因字数所限而略)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 注:①1室菇床面积482</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">㎡</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">;②蘑菇国内售价10元/千克</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.8pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '黑体'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"></span></p>
<div class="Section1">
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.8pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '黑体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">3&nbsp;&nbsp;荷兰与我国菇厂生产成本与利润比较</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '黑体'; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">荷兰菇厂专业化、机械化水平很高,菇厂由专业制料场提供已发好菌的三次发酵料(PhaseIII)、使用采菇机等。即便如此,因为荷兰工薪高,其用工成本高于我国菇厂近7%;我国菇厂折旧费比荷兰菇厂高12.4%(如果采用国产设备可减少50%)。荷兰与我国菇厂生产成本构成及利润比较如表6(因字数所限而略)。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">荷兰菇厂的盈亏平衡点为22㎏/㎡;我国菇厂为19.7㎏/㎡。如果蘑菇单产同为30㎏/㎡,荷兰菇厂的鲜菇成本为18.2元/㎏;我国菇厂为6.57元/㎏。因此,在国际市场上我国蘑菇具有较强的价格竞争优势。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">如果我国菇厂将来也采用三次发酵料(发菌料),年栽培轮次由6次增加到8次,蘑菇产率30千克/㎡,每㎡菇床年产菇量由180千克增加到240千克,年利润则可由618元/㎡提高到824元/㎡。一座</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">16<font face="宋体">间菇房</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>7700</font><font face="宋体">㎡菇床的菇厂年利润可达</font><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>634</font><font face="宋体">万元。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><!--EndFragment--><br/><br/><br/><br/></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 5.88pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><!--EndFragment--></o:p></span></p><!--EndFragment-->

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发表于 2011-12-20 15:35:17 |显示全部楼层
呵呵,杨教授,荷兰是荷兰,中国是中国。我们需要实事求是吧。
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发表于 2011-12-21 23:30:20 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 杨国良 于 2015-8-4 17:27 编辑

目前在山东地区蘑菇单产基本稳定在15公斤。如果以投料量计算这个转化率已经不低了。所以进一步提高产量就要从以下几个方面入手:1,增加投料量,目前的季节性栽培这个办法似乎走不通。2,增加菇房周转率。这应该是个好方法,从一周期到三周期再到六周期。周转率越高意着菇农效益越好。我们目前正在做这方面的尝试。3,改变传统作料方式。集中隧道式发酵即可以提高发酵料的质量又可以节约劳动力,应该是以后的趋势。杨老师孜孜以求的在国内推广隧道式发酵即是着眼于此。除此之外还有好的方法大家共同探讨!

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发表于 2011-12-21 09:10:03 |显示全部楼层
提示: 作者被禁止或删除 内容自动屏蔽
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发表于 2012-5-30 11:25:27 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 杨国良 于 2015-8-4 17:27 编辑

三次发酵是指什么样的发酵

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