生态无极 发表于 2010-6-13 20:47:03

[原创]杏鲍菇生产工艺介绍

 
<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">采用工艺:</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">工艺线路:试管种-模型原种-栽培袋-出菇-销售</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">工艺流程:</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">引进、分离原始母种-试管培养基制备-试管培养基灭菌-试管摆斜面-接种-培养-检验-原种配料-加水搅拌-装模-装袋-灭菌-冷却-接种-培养-检验-栽培配料-加水搅拌-装袋-灭菌-冷却-接种-培养-出菇管理-催蕾-疏蕾-培养-采收-包装-检验-销售</font></p>

生态无极 发表于 2010-6-13 20:47:52

[原创]

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<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">一、&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 原料采购:</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">原料采购应选择优质、干燥、无霉变、无异味的原料,棉壳含水量不得超过15%,木屑不得超过20%,其他辅料含水率应控制在13%以内,玉米面、麸皮应选择新鲜无霉变,加工日期15天以内的。</font></p>

生态无极 发表于 2010-6-13 20:49:15

[原创]

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<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">二、入库保存:</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">采购回的原料送入仓库进行登记入库,要求入库时间数量清楚准确。原料摆放下必须放置垫板,墙边要留通风道,并做到防水、防潮、防火,各种原料必须归类码放整齐。出库记录必须准确,必须有领取人签字。</font></p>

生态无极 发表于 2010-6-13 20:50:04

[原创]

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<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">三、&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 母种引进分离:</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">母种引进要选技术成熟的科研院所或生产厂家,应提供所引进品种的详细资料,包括适宜的温度湿度光照通风,及使用原料的信息。自己分离母种应选用优质高产的品种,并作出菇实验,了解其详细生物特性后方可用于生产。</font></p>

生态无极 发表于 2010-6-13 20:50:51

[原创]

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<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">三、&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 试管培养基制备</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">1、&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 配方:(1)PDA土豆(去皮)200克,葡萄糖20克,琼脂20克,水1000毫升。</font></p>
<p><font color="#0000ff" size="4">(2)土豆200克,葡萄糖20克,琼脂20克,磷酸二氢钾2克,硫酸镁1.5克,水1000毫升。(3)土豆200克,葡萄糖20克,蛋白胨1克,琼脂20克,麦芽汁50克。(4)高粱粉30克,琼脂10克,水1000毫升。</font></p>

生态无极 发表于 2010-6-13 20:51:49

[原创]

<font color="#0000ff" size="4">&nbsp; </font>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19.5pt"><font size="4"><font color="#0000ff"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt">、制作:将土豆去皮称重后,切成<span lang="EN-US">1.5</span>毫米的薄片,放入铝锅内,加水<span lang="EN-US">1300</span>毫升(其中<span lang="EN-US">300</span>毫升在煮沸过程中蒸发而损耗),加热<span lang="EN-US">15-20</span>分钟,使土豆熟而不烂,然后用四层纱布过滤,在滤液中加入琼脂,继续加热至琼脂完全融化,加热时要不断搅拌,防止溢锅或煳锅。琼脂完全融化后加入易容物质,充分搅拌均匀,并补足水分到<span lang="EN-US">1000</span>毫升。琼脂极易凝固,所以应趁热分装试管,在分装过程中要注意培养液保温,温度不应低于<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>℃</st1:chmetcnv>,分装试管用<span lang="EN-US">18*180</span>毫米或<span lang="EN-US">20*200</span>毫米的试管,每管装<span lang="EN-US">8-10</span>毫升。装量力求一致,分装时要避免培养料黏附到试管口,以免培养料黏住棉塞增加污染几率。分装所用试管一定要清洗、干燥。清洗时要先将试管放入锅中煮沸<span lang="EN-US">1-3</span>分钟,然后用清水冲洗干净,口朝下晾干后备用,不能现洗现用,以免因管壁附有水膜导致培养剂在试管内滑动。培养基分装后要加上棉塞,棉塞一可以过滤空气,防止杂菌进入<span lang="EN-US">;</span>二可以减缓培养基水分蒸发。面赛要用普通棉花制作,不能用脱脂棉,棉塞要求边缘平,顶端光。棉塞大小松紧以手提棉塞整个试管能提起为宜,标准棉塞应是塞头略大,不易变形,一般塞入试管<span lang="EN-US">2-3</span>公分,占总长的<span lang="EN-US">2/3,1/3</span>留在试管外,比管口略大。然后把塞好棉塞的试管每<span lang="EN-US">7</span>或<span lang="EN-US">10</span>支绑成一把,用牛皮纸包住棉塞并用绳或橡皮筋扎紧,最后将扎好的试管放入高压锅的内胆里,这时即可将高压锅内加入足量的水,以高出内胆支撑点<span lang="EN-US">1-2</span>公分为宜,进行灭菌,手提式高压锅一次可装试管<span lang="EN-US">120</span>只左右,试管放入后,盖好锅盖,紧固好螺丝,紧固螺丝时应对称加力,同时旋进致密封为止。将高压锅放在炉火上加热,关闭放气阀,使灭菌锅封闭。水沸腾后,锅内压力开始上升,当压力达到<span lang="EN-US">0.04—0.05</span>兆帕时,打开放气阀,使锅内蒸汽连同冷空气一同排出,此时放气阀排出的蒸汽成直线,直线长度<span lang="EN-US">5-10</span>公分,待锅内气体排净后,压力表归零,再关闭放气阀,继续加热至<span lang="EN-US">0.137</span>兆帕,维持<span lang="EN-US">30-40</span>分钟。灭菌结束,停止加热,自然冷却,当压力表归零后,打开排气阀,然后将锅盖打开一小缝使热蒸汽溢出,并用锅体余热将棉塞烘干。当培养基降至<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="60" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">60</span>℃</st1:chmetcnv>左右时,将试管取出摆成斜面,培养基温度太高摆成斜面后冷凝水太多,易生杂菌;培养基温度太低时,易凝固难以摆成斜面。摆斜面时,将试管逐支摆放在工作台上的细木条上,斜面长度为试管的<span lang="EN-US">3/5</span>。摆放斜面时要注意试管斜面要均匀一致,防止长短不一,室温在<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="20" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">20</span>℃</st1:chmetcnv>以下时摆好后要在试管上覆盖洁净棉垫,以避免管壁上产生大量水珠,影响接种和培养。摆好的斜面在培养基未凝固前不能移动。凝固后即可收起。从摆好的斜面试管中取出十支左右,放入<span lang="EN-US">28<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="30" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0">-30<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">恒温箱培养两天,无杂菌出现,既可用于接种。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></font></font></p>

zebiao 发表于 2010-6-13 23:02:35

什么是嵌入式菌种啊?

morels 发表于 2010-6-13 22:30:44

楼主辛苦了,代表我个人感谢你,哈哈

生态无极 发表于 2010-6-13 20:54:28

[原创]

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<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">七、原种和栽培种的制备</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">试管母种一般都不能直接用作栽培接种,而要经过移植驯化,使其适应栽培条件后方可采用。通常母种分离出来后,要移植到相适应的原种培养基中进行驯化,一般每支母种可移接原种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">瓶、袋。它虽然可以用于栽培播种,但数量太少,不经济,还要采用同样的方法将原种扩接培养成栽培种,才能满足生产上的需要,一般每瓶原种可扩接栽培种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">70</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">80</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">瓶、袋。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">具体制备方法如下:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

生态无极 发表于 2010-6-13 20:55:18

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<font color="#0000ff">&nbsp; </font>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19.5pt"><font color="#0000ff"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">、原种和栽培种培养基的配制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19.5pt"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">可用棉皮木屑麸皮培养基;杂木屑</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <span lang="EN-US">37</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">棉籽壳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">37%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">米糠或麦皮</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> 20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">玉米面</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">4%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">蔗糖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> 1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">石膏粉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> l</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">%</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 19.5pt"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">制法是先将蔗糖溶于清水中,然后和棉籽壳杂木屑、米糠(或麦皮)等材料拌和。培养基的含水量以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">65</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">%为宜,加水量随主料含水率而异,一般每百斤干料加水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">120</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">150</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">斤,以手紧握培养基,指间有水泌出而又不下滴为度。培养基配好后,装入菌种瓶中,用尖形木棒在培养基中钻一直通瓶底的洞孔,使灭菌更彻底,也有利于菌丝的蔓延。瓶内外洗净后,擦干,塞上棉塞,瓶口用牛皮纸包扎紧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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