回复:(香菇人)长汀模式反季节覆土香菇栽培技术
<p> 我还算不上是食用菌行业的从业者,我是看了CCTV-7的一期关于食用菌的节目,才对食用菌行业产生了兴趣,也想从事这个行业,刚才我看到香茹人对一个黑龙江朋友的指导,使我感受很深,在当今这个社会,能够这样无私奉献的人真的是太少了,现在我又看到一份这样的资料,使我对您更加敬佩了!</p> 好东西。收藏了。。。。贴出来,方便更多人查看
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<p><b>香菇生产成本概算方案(内部技术资料资料)</b><b></b></p><br/>
<p>一、菌棒生产 </p>
<p>(一)、培养基配方一(按万斤干料计,菌袋为15×55,约5555筒)</p>
<p>1、木屑: 82% 8200×0.20=1640元</p>
<p>2、麦皮: 10% 1000斤× 0.80元=800 元</p>
<p>3、玉米粉: 3% 300 斤× 0 元= 300元</p>
<p>4、石膏: 2% 200斤× 0.5元=100元</p>
<p>5、过磷酸钙:2% 200斤× 0.3元=60元</p>
<p>6、糖: 1% 100斤×1.7元=170元</p>
<p>7、盐: 0.1% 10斤× 1元=10元 </p>
<p>8、硫酸镁: 0.1% 10斤× 1元=10元</p>
<p>小计:3090元</p>
<p>(二)制筒用工工资</p>
<p>1、拌料工: 4人× 30=120元</p>
<p>2、装袋工: 10人×30=300</p>
<p>3、灭菌工: 2人× 30 =60元</p>
<p>4、出锅工: 3人× 30=90元 </p>
<p>5、接种工: 21人×30=630</p>
<p>6、杂 工: 2人× 30=60元</p>
<p>小计:1260元/天</p>
<p>(三)、辅助材料</p>
<p>1、菌 袋: 5555个× 0.16=888.8元</p>
<p>2、菌 种: 200袋× 2元=400元</p>
<p>3、塑料绳: 2.5斤 ×8元=20元</p>
<p>4、气雾消毒剂: 30包 ×1元=30元</p>
<p>5、来苏儿: 1瓶 × 8元= 8元</p>
<p>6、酒 精: 5瓶× 4元=20元</p>
<p>7、灭菌柴火: 3000斤×0.2=600元</p>
<p>8、水电费: 30度× 0.6元=18元 </p>
<p>小计: 1984.8元 </p>
<p>二、发菌管理至采菇用工</p>
<p>翻堆用工 5人× 30=150元</p>
<p>菌棒下田 3人× 30=90元</p>
<p>菌棒脱袋 1人× 30=30元</p>
<p>菌棒转色工 5人×30=150元</p>
<p>催菇工 2人× 30=60元</p>
<p>采菇工 27人× 30=810元</p>
<p>小计: 1290元</p>
<p>三、菇棚投资</p>
<p>菇棚0.7亩,造价3000元,每年摊销1000元</p>
<p>自动喷水系统600元,每年摊销元200元 </p>
<p>小计:1200元</p>
<p align="right">以上合计:8824元</p>
<p>四、设备投入 </p>
<p>粉碎机1400元</p>
<p>15匹柴油机 2500元</p>
<p>装袋机 800元(含1.5千瓦单相电机一台)</p>
<p>灭菌锅 5000元 </p>
<p>小计: 9700元 (设备投资按十年摊销,每年970元)</p><br/>
<p>五、产值</p>
<p>每菌筒按收一斤鲜菇,每斤按3元计</p>
<p>5555筒× 3=16665元 扣除生产成本9784元,利为7881元</p> <p>本资料是针对广西写的.因区域不同.气候相差很大.以下资料供参考.<br/></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">一,栽培条件;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">栽培季节时间表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">制筒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">农历十月至来年二月份,南风天制筒成品率很低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">菌筒发菌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">农历十二月份之前制筒的发菌时间</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>120</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">天左右。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">农历正月以后制筒的发菌时间</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>90</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">天左右</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">菌筒下田</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="480" windowtext? solid="solid" 5.4pt; .5pt; windowtext="windowtext" mso-border-alt: BORDER-BOTTOM: WIDTH: BORDER-LEFT: BORDER-TOP: .5pt? transparent; BACKGROUND-COLOR: HEIGHT: solid; 1pt="1pt" 0cm; PADDING-TOP: PADDING-BOTTOM: PADDING-LEFT: PADDING-RIGHT: mso-border-left-alt: 360pt; #ece9d8; mso-border-top-alt: 31.2pt;>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">农历二月至五月,菌筒全部发满菌丝即可下田</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">脱袋转色</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">农历二月至五月,菌筒发菌完全成熟才可脱袋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr>
<tr style="HEIGHT: 29.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">出菇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">农历三月至十一月份</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt?><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">、气候条件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0? 28pt;><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">目前我们推广的品种属于广温型品种,菌筒的发菌温度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">度,菌筒内部超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>33</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">度视为烧堆。发菌的最佳温度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>25</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">度左右,(菌筒的内部温度)出菇期间的日夜温差闽丰一号需</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">度以上,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>L18</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">需</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">度以上,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>L27</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">需</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">度以上,日夜温差越大出菇越容易,且菇质越佳。反之则出菇困难。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0? 28pt;><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? Roman?? ?Times mso-hansi-font-family: Roman?; new="New">要种好反季节香菇必须满足品种所需的温度要求,才能达到理想的收获。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">二、栽培场地的选择,荫棚的架造和菇床的整理</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">反季节覆土栽培香菇由于出菇时间刚好处于高温高湿季节。高温加上高湿不可避免的会出现很多问题,所以栽培场地的选择是非常重要的,栽培场地应选择水源方便水温低、通风良好、排水方便,西照时间短,洪水淹不到的沙壤田块搭棚比较好。荫棚架设的高度</span><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">米</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">为好,每座菇棚面积</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">亩为宜,菇棚面积不能太大,否则影响通风。大面积栽培时菇棚之间应留有一定的空间。菇棚的遮阳度应为八阴二阳,站在菇棚中部能看清手指的指纹为适当。菇棚的西晒方向遮阳度要大些。荫棚搭盖好后,将地面的杂物清理干净。然后按每畦宽</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1.2" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">1.2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">米</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">,长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">—</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="25" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">米</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">做成菇床,菇床之间的人行沟宽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">厘米,深</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">厘米。菇床做好后,放水入内至畦面,根据水平面将过高的畦面铲至水平面,过低的用土填至水平面。尽量做到整个菇棚水平,以利菌棒水分的管理。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">三、培养基原材料和辅助材料的选择</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">适宜香菇栽培的树种很多一般阔叶木均可选做材料,只是由于营养成分和质地不尽相同,虽然在同样的环境中进行同样的栽培管理,但是,出菇的迟早、产菇的延续时间、香菇的产量和品质等,常有明显的差异。在实践生产中,一般选择木质适当坚硬,边材多,心材少的壳斗科、桦木科等阔叶树种粉碎成木屑。如果是薪材粉碎的木屑,因含有单宁物质成分,会影响菌丝的生长。因此,先将木屑堆积在露天坪中,踏实任其自然发酵至产生酒香味时晒干备用。没条件晒干的可直接用湿木屑直接制筒。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">通常用来栽培香菇的辅助材料有麦皮、米糠、玉米粉、糖、石膏、过磷酸钙、硫酸镁等物质成分。以上材料应选择无霉变、无蛀虫的新鲜材料。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">培养基成份:按</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">15x55</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">菌袋,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">1000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">筒总干料重</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">1800</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤计算。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">杂木屑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>77%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>1386 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤(干料)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">麦皮</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>15%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>270</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">玉米粉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>3%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>54</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">石膏粉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>2%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>36</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">过磷酸钙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"> 2%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>36 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">糖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>1%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>18</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">硫酸镁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>0.1%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>1.8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">食盐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>0.1%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>1.8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">活性炭</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>0.1%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>1.8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">注:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">(1)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">、使用优质硬木屑时,麦皮的最低用量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">10%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">,即每千筒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">180</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">(2)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">、活性炭、石膏粉化工商店有售;(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">)过磷酸钙、硫酸镁农资化肥店有售。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">四、栽培料的灭菌:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">菌筒装袋完毕要尽量烧大火升温,尽可能在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">小时内把锅内温度升至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">98</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">度以上,否则培养料会发酸,发酸后的培养料会直接影响香菇菌丝的正常生长当培养料的酸碱度达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">PH3.5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">以下时,香菇菌丝不能生长,造成接种穴死穴。因此,在制筒过程中要尽快装袋,装锅后要尽快生温至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">98</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">度以上。使用铁皮灶灭菌时要加盖防雨棚及保温层,否则锅内温度达不到要求,常造成灭菌温度不彻底。菌筒灭菌要求锅内温度达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">98</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">度以上,连续保持</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">小时以上时间,才能完全杀死培养料中的杂菌,目前大家使用的铁皮灶大部分存在灭菌死角,装锅时死角部分要适当放松些,让蒸汽畅通。最好的办法是死角部位的菌筒用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">#</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">字架堆放至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">米高。这样可避免死角。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>