<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">五、栽培袋的接种和发菌</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">灭菌后的栽培袋自然冷却至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">度时便可以进行接种，栽培袋的接种一般用接种室接种，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">人三小时左右能接种栽培袋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">2000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">筒左右。用接种箱接种成品率较高，但花工较大。接种时每筒菌袋在同一水平面打穴四个，接种人员迅速接入菌种，菌种要塞满洞穴。栽培袋接种完毕后堆垒成不</span><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1.5" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">1.5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">米</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">高，表面四周用消毒过的薄膜盖密。室温在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="10" unitname="℃"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">左右时，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天后每日通风换气一次，室温在</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="15" unitname="℃"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">15</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">左右时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天后每日通换气一次。一般情况下堆垒发菌的时间为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">15</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天左右，接种穴菌落长成直径</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">厘米大时，要及时蒋菌袋散开按井字形架式堆放，每架堆放</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">40</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">筒，分</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">层架好。继续发菌至菌落相连接时进行第一次翻堆。翻堆时把接种点的菌种挖掉，仍按井字形堆放，接种口要朝侧面。继续培养至三分之二的菌袋发满菌丝时，进行第二次翻堆。翻堆时用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">1.5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">寸元钉和木板做成的打孔拍，拍打菌袋的接种面，使接种面有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">40</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">个元钉孔，孔深</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">厘米。菌袋打孔后大量的氧气从元钉孔进入菌袋内部，菌丝在良好的透气下继续发菌，菌袋打孔后，菌丝迅速生长并产生大量的生物代谢热能。如果此时通风不良或菌袋堆得太密，非常容易引起菌袋烧堆。所以菌袋打孔后，每架只堆</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">筒，每层放</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">筒，接种穴朝侧面菌袋不能压住接种穴。架与架之间留</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">厘米空隙。行与行之间留人行道以便通风和检查。如菌袋温度达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">28</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">度时要用风扇强制通风。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天后进行第三次翻堆，翻堆时用打孔拍在菌袋接种面的两侧各打</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">个元钉孔，按第二次翻堆的方法堆架好，继续发菌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天左右，此时菌袋菌丝以基本发育成熟，成熟的菌袋要及时下田排开，接种穴朝上放在畦床面上。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">六、栽培袋的脱袋和转色</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">栽培袋经过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">80</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天以上发菌，袋内菌丝基本发育成熟，菌袋由营养生长转向生殖生长阶段，此时手指压在菌袋有反弹性，断开菌棒内部培养基木屑色呈白色至浅黄色，这是脱袋的最佳时间。须要注意的是菌袋的发菌时间天数和菌袋外表颜色只能作为脱袋的参考依据，不是准确的脱袋时间。是否及时脱袋，对今后的出菇、产量、菇质都有很一大影响，菌棒脱袋分二次完成，第一次将接种穴反面的薄膜划刮去掉，脱去薄膜的表面向地平放接种穴朝上，也可一次性脱袋，整个菇棚脱袋完毕后，放水进水沟内，水深距畦床面</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">厘米左右，定好水位。下雨天将水放掉，防止菌棒被水冲动。此时的菌棒不怕雨淋，不要遮盖薄膜。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">19</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天后此时菌棒以基本转色完毕，接种穴面的颜色有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">80%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">以上为棕红色，此时可以将剩余的薄膜脱掉，视天气情况采用不同的管理方法进行转色至菌棒棕红色。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">七、菌筒的覆土</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">反季节香菇栽培菌筒覆土的主要作用是使菌筒保湿降温。覆土前数天把菌筒整理好，菇床的两边用大田土封住菌筒的一端，数天后泥土发硬便可进行菌筒覆土。覆土所用的土壤应是含砂量高的砂壤土，也可用河砂加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">20%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">大田土，风化的砂岩碎土粒也可使用。每百斤砂土加石灰粉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">斤，拌匀堆放</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天后使用。覆土时将堆好的砂土铺在筒表面，微露出菌筒，然后用水冲洗砂土至菌筒露出土面。每万筒菌筒大约需要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">2.5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">立方米砂上。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">八、菌棒的出菇管理和适时采菇</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">转色完毕的菌棒可马上进入出菇，也可暂时休息养菌等待出菇。反季节栽培香菇往往要采用拍打催菇，拍打催菇的方法用胶鞋底拍打菌棒，每筒菌棒表面拍打一至二下，拍打菌棒用多大重力，需视菌棒的实际情况而定。拍打催菇应选择下雨的前一天为好，因为催菇后三天内菌棒表面需要较大的空气湿度才能均匀出菇，下雨天空气相对湿度是很适宜催菇的。催菇后如果是晴天，每天要往菌棒泼水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">次，最好使用程控微喷进行水份管理。连续喷水三天至四天便有大量菇蕾发出。菇蕾发生后的三天之内视天气情况每天泼水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">次，晴天多泼，阴天少泼，雨天不泼。菇蕾发生后的第四天香菇可以开始采摘，此时菌棒不能再泼水，否则容易影响菇质。反季节栽培香菇，由于气温高，香菇生长速度很快，所以每天要采摘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">次，采菇时先采一级菇（又叫冰菇、保鲜菇）和二级菇：一级菇的标准是菌盖直径</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">3.5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">厘米以上，全包未破膜、圆整。国际行情不好的时候要求菌盖直径</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">4.5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">厘米以上。二级菇的标准是菌盖直径</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">厘米以上，全包未破膜、圆整。直径</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New="New"Roman">3.5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">厘米以上刚破膜的按二级菇收购。一级菇和二级菇表面不能沾有泥沙，没有被雨淋湿过，无碰伤。采完一、二级菇的，采三级以下的破膜菇和开伞菇，三级以下等级菇一般由当地市场鲜销或贩运外地城市销售或烤成干菇销售。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">采完一潮菇后，菌筒表面要进行一次清理，把余留下来的菇脚清理干净。第二天菌筒用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">800</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">倍甲基托布津喷雾二次，上午下午各喷一次。三天后检查菌筒的含水量，根据菌筒的不同重量每天喷水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">次，连续喷水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天，使菌筒重量达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1.5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">公斤左右，养菌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">15</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天。再按前面的方法催第二潮菇，采菇、二潮菇采完后菌筒重量控制在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1.3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">公斤左右。在实际生产过程中菌筒含水量的控制要视当时菌筒的质量、气候条件等因素来决定。否则容易造成烂筒或出菇不理想。最好采用程控微喷系统，对菇筒进行自动喷水，见“食用菌”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2005</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">年，第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">期（程控微喷及其在反季节香菇栽培中的应用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">当菌棒收完第二潮菇后，菌棒内部酸度增强，此时，每潮菇后宜用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">100</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">倍小苏打水喷洒菌棒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">次，也可在菌棒表面洒上草木灰调整菌棒酸碱度，出菇期间菌棒的最适酸度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">为宜。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0? 28.1pt;><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>九、病虫害的防治：</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-count: 28pt; 2.0?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>反季节香菇的病虫害一般危害采菇后的菌筒，特别是高温季节，常爆发性发生，造成大面积烂菌筒现象。危害菌筒主要壑害是绿色木霉，危害途径主要有两种：第一种：途径是从没有清理干净的废菇和菇脚侵入，感染初期如不及时治疗，则后期容易造成大量的烂筒。防治方法：每次采完一潮菇后，按</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>1000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>筒菌筒用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>800</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>倍甲基托布津水溶液</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>25</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>公斤喷洒菌筒二次，隔日一次，能有效的防止烂筒。第二种途径是绿色木霉潜伏在菌筒表面的菌苞内，当菌筒含水量超重或过轻时，香菇菌丝的抵抗力明显下降，此时绿色木霉乘虚而侵害菌筒。防治方法是及时调整菌筒的含水量，提高菌丝的抵抗能力，从而达到预防绿色木霉的危害。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-count: 28pt; 2.0?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>危害香菇菌筒的主要虫害是螨虫和线虫，此二类虫害常在高温高湿的季节爆发。（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>月份）由于螨虫和线虫个体很小，发生后不容易被发现，因此常造成大面积烂筒。防治方法：当菌筒下田转色完毕后，用</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>杀螨药和敌敌畏混合喷洒菌筒一次，以后在每采完一潮菇、理干净废菇脚后，结合防治绿色木霉的同时，用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>800</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>倍甲基托布津加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>800</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>倍敌敌畏加适量</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>杀螨药混合喷洒菌筒二次，喷药时间在晚上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times new=" New? Roman?>9-10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>点为好。喷药前把棚内水位调至菌筒底部、隔日一次，能有效防止绿色木霉、螨类、线虫的危害。用农药防治病虫害时，不能在出菇期间进行，否则香菇不能食用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-count: 28pt; 2.0?><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>反季节覆土栽培香菇关键技术是如何正确地管理菌筒，如何提高产量和菇质，如何防治病虫害。由于大自然气候是多变的，因此菌筒的管理也随之改变，在实际生产中应根据菌筒当时的实际情况，结合当时的天气情况，菇棚条件；水源条件；土壤质量等多方面因素进行灵活管理。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm" 0cm? 0cm="0cm" 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-count: 1.5? 21pt;><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new=" New? new="New" Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times Roman??>千万不要生搬硬套，尚有不明之处，请与本人联系。<br/><br/>原创作品转载请注眀来自http://www.mbbs.com.cn<br/></span></p>
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老师 能不能详细的讲解一下转色的情况？谢谢
<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>tommy579</i>在2010-3-14 13:41:25的发言：</b><br/>老师 能不能详细的讲解一下转色的情况？谢谢 </div>
<p>转色在我这里以化解为一个简单过程.没有任何难度.这也是我的一项改革.细细品尝吧.</p>
<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>tommy579</i>在2010-3-14 13:41:25的发言：</b><br/>老师 能不能详细的讲解一下转色的情况？谢谢 </div>香菇人老师的转色方法很有效，原理是被割破袋的菌棒，未转色处（白色菌丝）与袋壁分离，由于没有完全脱去，所以棒表面不失水，以致气生菌丝生长，在风的刺激下，转色。<br/><br/>我们的做法是，一次性脱袋，然后用潮湿的土盖住裸露的菌棒，全部封盖，过一个星期左右，菌棒全面转色，然后冲洗。
真是好东西啊。谢谢香菇人老师了。
十分感谢香菇人老师的贡献，本人是广西的，将在你的光辉指引下发展香菇事业，向人民提供优良的食用菌产品。
