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mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">原种培养基微波灭菌初探</span><!--><xml>
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<!--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">《食用菌》<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年<span lang="EN-US">2</span>期
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">制种培养基，通常用高压蒸汽灭菌，但高压蒸汽灭菌耗能多，成本高。为寻求新的灭菌技术，笔者进行了微波灭菌试验，现将实验结果总结如下。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
0pt" lang="EN-US">1.</span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">培养基制备</span></b><span style="font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">配方为棉籽壳<span lang="EN-US">78%</span>，麦麸<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>，糖<span lang="EN-US">1%</span>，石灰<span lang="EN-US">1%</span>，料水比为<span lang="EN-US">1</span>：<span lang="EN-US">1.5</span>。用<span lang="EN-US">12cm<b><span style="color:red">X</span></b>26cm</span>聚丙烯袋分装，装料高<span lang="EN-US">13cm</span>。打孔，盖上棉塞，包一层纸扎紧，不可包塑料膜。试验共装<span lang="EN-US">90</span>袋，分<span lang="EN-US">6</span>大组，每大组<span lang="EN-US">15</span>袋，每大组再分<span lang="EN-US">3</span>小组，每小组<span lang="EN-US">5</span>袋。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
0pt" lang="EN-US">2.</span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">微波炉<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;
mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="EN-US">WD800</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">格兰仕牌，输入<span lang="EN-US">220V</span>～，<span lang="EN-US">50Hz</span>，<span lang="EN-US">1200W,</span>输出微波频率<span lang="EN-US">2450Hz</span>，<span lang="EN-US">800W,</span>定时器<span lang="EN-US">0</span>～<span lang="EN-US">30</span>分钟连续可调。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
0pt" lang="EN-US">3</span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">灭菌方法 </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">把功能选择器调到微波最高火力档（不是烧烤或混合档），将一小组培养基直立放置在微波炉转盘上，<span lang="EN-US">5</span>袋均匀排成<span lang="EN-US">1</span>圈，关闭炉门，定时<span lang="EN-US">6</span>分钟灭菌，停机后取出！再先后放入第一大组的另外两小组进行灭菌。同样方法调定时器<span lang="EN-US">8</span>，<span lang="EN-US">10</span>，<span lang="EN-US">12</span>，<span lang="EN-US">14</span>，<span lang="EN-US">16</span>，分别灭菌剩下<span lang="EN-US">5</span>大组培养基。<span lang="EN-US">6</span>个大组全部处理完毕后，放在适温下培养<span lang="EN-US">7</span>天，观察有无杂菌生长，无杂菌培养基再接入母种！<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan" align="left"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
0pt" lang="EN-US">4.</span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">试验结果表明</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，时间分别为<span lang="EN-US">6.8.10.12.14.16.</span>分钟，污染袋依次为<span lang="EN-US">6.1.0.0.0.0.</span>袋。微波炉灭菌<span lang="EN-US">10</span>分钟就可灭菌彻底。将无杂菌的原种培养基分别接入平菇母种和草菇母种，草菇<span lang="EN-US">15</span>天后，平菇<span lang="EN-US">20</span>天后菌丝陆续长满，无杂菌污染！手提式高压锅一次只能装入<span lang="EN-US">9</span>～<span lang="EN-US">10</span>袋，从加热开始，压力上升放空气后，再上升达到要求后再维持<span lang="EN-US">90</span>分钟，总共需要<span lang="EN-US">120</span>分钟，输入功率<span lang="EN-US">2000W</span>，微波炉处理<span lang="EN-US">10</span>袋不到<span lang="EN-US">24</span>分钟，只用了不到<span lang="EN-US">1/5</span>的时间，输入功率才<span lang="EN-US">1200W</span>，微波炉灭菌速度快又节能，效率高。有条件菇农不妨一试！<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p> <span style="font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">发酵料升温的小窍门
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">栽培平菇、鸡腿菇、双孢菇等食用菌时，培养料都要进行堆制、发酵工艺。在高温季节，气温高，堆料易升温；而在低温季节，尤其是北方的冬天，料温会迟迟达不</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"=""> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">到要求，是令栽培者很头疼的事。笔者现介绍如下方法，可使问题迎刃而解，大大缩短发酵时间，保证栽培成功，供菇农朋友参考：</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US"> <br/>
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">方法一：生料堆制尽量堆大</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">—</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">些，堆好后，在堆上均匀地倾倒热水，每处加</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">壶，</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">24</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">小时后，加开水处的料温就可达</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">50</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">℃</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";="" mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">左右。</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US"> <br/>
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">方</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"=""> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">法二：</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:="" "times="" new="New" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">堆制大堆料后，在料堆上均匀挖上几个小坑，坑大小视料堆大小而定。在小炕内埋上上次已发酵或已升温的栽培料，过</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">24</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">小时后，料堆整体温度可达</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US"> 40</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">～</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">50</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">℃</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";="" mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" new="New" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">以上两种升温方法，采用任何一种效果都不错，菇友不妨一试。</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times new=" new"="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" 宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US"> <br/></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
word-break:break-all" align="left"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt"></span><span style="font-size:
18.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
0pt"></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:#333333;mso-font-kerning:0pt">过氧乙酸母种灭菌——</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:#333333;mso-font-kerning:0pt">过氧乙酸是一种强氧化剂，极易挥发分解，低毒无残留，溶液，气体均有杀菌作用，福建省古田利用这一化学特性试用于代替母种的高压灭菌，取得一定效果！按常规制备<span lang="EN-US">PDA</span>培养基（最好能加入适量磷酸氢二钾，碳酸钙等缓冲剂），用试管进行分装，然后取一定量过氧乙酸滴入试管内，使基质内过氧乙酸浓度达到<span lang="EN-US">0.5%</span>～<span lang="EN-US">0.7%;</span>在棉塞滴<span lang="EN-US">3</span>～<span lang="EN-US">4</span>滴过氧乙酸，塞与试管口，并用薄膜封口，在室温下放置<span lang="EN-US">6</span>小时，然后将试管放锅中蒸<span lang="EN-US">15</span>～<span lang="EN-US">20</span>分钟，摆成斜面。接种平菇菌丝，菌丝生长正常，未出现杂菌污染！（摘自《</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">菇菌生产技术全书》）</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> 家用吸尘器自制土超净接种台，效果怎样我可不知道。文章来源《食用菌》，<br/> 今天发到这，有些东西以后再发！
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