[分享]配合myb发表的植物水运输资料 - 第2页 - 综论 - 易菇论坛 - 食用菌论坛网

陈昭发表于 2010-1-28 11:46:49

二　蒸腾作用的指标： 蒸腾速率（transpiration rate）：单位时间单位叶面积蒸腾的水量 蒸腾比率（transpiration ratio）：植物每消耗1公斤水，所形成干物质的克数。一般植物在2－10 蒸腾系数（transpiration coefficient）：每制造1g干物质所需水的g数。C3植物在300－600，C4植物在100－300。

陈昭发表于 2010-1-28 11:47:27

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<div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50="50"0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 288; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1">三<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 32pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">. 蒸腾的部位： </div>
<div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50="50"0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 288; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1">1.全表面蒸腾：植物幼小时，暴于空气中的表面。 </div>
<div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50="50"0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 288; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1">2.皮孔蒸腾<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #000099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(lenticular transpiration)：植物茎、枝、花、果实上的皮孔，占<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">0.1% </div>
<div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50="50"0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 288; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1">3.角质蒸腾<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #000099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(cuticular transpiration)：叶片表面的角质层可蒸腾水分，同时可阻止体内营养物质的外渗并抵御病菌的入侵。幼嫩叶的角质蒸腾占总蒸腾的<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1/3－<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">1/2，成熟叶的仅占<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">5－<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">10%。 </div>
<div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50="50"0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 288; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1">4.气孔蒸腾<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #000099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(stomatal transpiration)：水分通过气孔散失到体外。是植物的主要蒸腾方式。</div></div>

陈昭发表于 2010-1-28 11:47:43

陈昭发表于 2010-1-28 11:41:44

2.　最大持水量（greatest capacity）:又称土壤饱和水量（soil saturation capacity），指土壤中所有孔隙完全充满水分时的含水量。             最大持水量大小与土壤质地有关。团粒结构良好的砂壤土最大持水量为50％左右。 3. 田间持水量（field capacity): 当土壤中的重力水全部排掉，而只剩下毛细管水和束缚水时，土壤含水量称为田间持水量，通常用水分占土壤干重的百分比来表示。             田间持水量是土壤耕作性质的重要指标，当土壤含水量为田间持水量的70％左右时，最适宜耕作。

陈昭发表于 2010-1-28 11:42:39

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<div class="O" style="mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">4.    土壤质地：按构成土壤的基本颗粒的大小，分为粘土，砂壤土，砂土等。</div> <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2010-1/201012811423717320.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" />

陈昭发表于 2010-1-28 11:43:14

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<div style="mso-line-spacing: '90 20="20"0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 384; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">4.　按植物能否利用，土壤中的水可分为可利用水与不可利用水。 </div>
<div style="mso-line-spacing: '90 20="20"0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 384; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1">　萎焉：当植物水分亏缺严重时，植物细胞因丧失水势而松驰，靠膨压维持挺立状态的叶片和茎的细嫩部分下垂，这种现象叫<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">wilting. </div>
<div style="mso-line-spacing: '90 20="20"0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 384; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    萎蔫分暂时萎蔫和永久萎蔫，靠降低蒸腾可以维持的萎蔫叫暂时萎蔫（<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: #000099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">temporary wilting）；靠降低蒸腾不能消除水分亏缺，植物不能原状的萎蔫叫永久萎蔫（<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: #000099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">permanent wilting）。发生暂时萎蔫是因为蒸腾太快而根吸水供就不足；而发生永久萎蔫是因为土壤中已无植物可利用的水分<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(土壤水势＜根水势<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)。 </div>
<div style="mso-line-spacing: '90 20="20"0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 384; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1">    永久萎蔫系数（<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: #000099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">permanent wilting coefficient）：指当植物发生萎蔫时，土壤中的含水量占土壤干重的百分比。植物所能利用的水，就是永久萎蔫系数以外的水。 </div>
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陈昭发表于 2010-1-28 11:43:48

不同植物在各种土壤中的萎蔫系数（％）

<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2010-1/201012811453358163.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" />

陈昭发表于 2010-1-28 11:18:28

<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2010-1/201012811182795058.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" />

陈昭发表于 2010-1-28 11:18:51

<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2010-1/201012811184855892.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" />

陈昭发表于 2010-1-28 11:19:19

<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2010-1/201012811191039473.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="if(this.width>document.body.clientWidth*0.5) {this.resized=true;this.width=document.body.clientWidth*0.5;this.style.cursor='pointer';} else {this.onclick=null}" alt="" />

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不同植物在各种土壤中的萎蔫系数（％）