[分享]食用菌产业发展概况
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">我国食用菌栽培历史悠久，资源丰富，气候适宜，具有坚实的栽培基础。食用菌栽培是化腐朽为神奇的产业，可消化现代大农业中的种植业、畜牧业的剩余物及农产品加工中的下脚料，让其变废为宝成为人类的健康美味食品，而食用菌生产产生的下脚料又是种植业、畜牧业的优良肥料与饲料，在现代大农业生态平衡起着重要作用。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">一、食用菌发展历史</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">中国是世界上最早认识食用菌的国家之一。食用菌也伴随着人类文明的进步经历了悠久岁月。东西方文明古国的早期历史文献中，都记述了关于菌类的栽培。在</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">2000</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">年前的史料中已有记载，《吕氏春秋》载有</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">味之美者，越骆之菌。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">《史记》中有对获各的记载，称为</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">千岁松根，食之不死</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">；东汉王充的《论衡》中就谈到</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">紫芝</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">可以像豆类在地里栽培。我国最早药学专著《神农本草经》中记载了灵芝可治神经衰弱、心悸、失眠等症，并根据菌盖色泽，评述品质高低。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">6</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">世纪贾思辨的《齐民要术》</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">素食篇</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">中详细介绍了木耳菹的做法。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">7</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">世纪段成式写的《西阳杂俎》中，有关于竹荪的描述。苏恭等人著的《唐本草注》中记载了</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">煮浆粥安诸木上，以草覆之，即生蕈尔</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">的原始木耳栽培法。唐代韩鄂编的《四时纂要》中，则比较详细地叙述了用烂构木及树叶埋在畦床上栽培构菌的方法。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">种菌篇</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">还对菌子的种植、管理、采收、于藏以及菌的有无毒性，能否食用，作了具体叙述。南宋陈仁玉撰写了第一部《菌谱》，其中对侧耳作过</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">五台天花，亦甲群汇</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">'</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">的评述。还对浙江东南部十一种食用菌列述了名称，并对它们的风味、生长习性和出菇环境等作了精辟的论述。这一时期我国人民认识和利用食用菌知识进步很大。在西方国家中，希腊有一名医师在公元</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">1</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">世纪提出用木屑在畦床上栽培杨树鳞耳的方法。到</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">16</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">世纪末，意大利的一位名医用这种方法栽培成功，后来大力传播。虽然这些办法比较原始，但它具体记载了我国食用菌科学知识的渊源，具备了为后来半人工栽培的雏形。这一阶段从技术上考虑，完全是靠食用菌的孢子漫天飞，天然生产，人们只是认识了现象，用一句话概括就是</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">抱子飞扬，天然生长</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">"</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">。这就是食用菌栽培业的诞生。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"></span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><o:p></o:p></span> </p> 好贴，顶。
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">（二）食用菌保鲜技术现状及趋势</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">由于食用菌含水量高、组织脆嫩，在采收和贮运过程中极易造成损伤，引起变色、变质或腐烂，失去食用价值和商品价值，因此严重地制约了食用菌生产。为了减少损失，调节、丰富食用菌的市场供应，满足国内外市场的需要，提高食用菌产业的效益，大力推行实用型的食用菌保鲜贮藏和加工技术已成为食用菌生产发展的一个重要课题。食用菌保鲜就是利用活的子实体对不良环境和微生物侵染所具有的抗性，通过采用物理或化学方法，使食用菌的分解代谢处于最低状态</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">(</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">休眠状态</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">)</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">，借以延长贮存时间，保持鲜嫩的食用价值和商品价值。但保鲜过程不能使菌体完全停止生命活动，因此不能长期保存，只能延长食用期。食用菌的贮藏保鲜经历了由简到繁、由低级到高级的一个发展过程，保鲜技术研究的重点在于要使食用菌呼吸代谢强度控制在合适的水平上，生产中常用的保鲜方法有简易包装保鲜法、冷藏保鲜法、气调贮藏保鲜法、辐射保鲜法、化学药剂保鲜法等，上述方法各有其自身的优点。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"></span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span> </p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">1</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">、辐射保鲜法：对防止开伞、保持质地、抑制呼吸和微生物繁殖有较好的效果，缺点是对色泽维持的效果不理想。气调贮藏保鲜法，以纸袋包装，加上天然去异味剂，在</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">5</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">℃左右条件下贮藏，可保持蘑菇</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">15</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">天基本无褐变。该技术使用简便，适用于农村生产条件下的食用菌保鲜，具有极大的推广价值。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">2</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">、冷库保鲜：采收的鲜菇经整理后，放入筐、篮中，用多层湿纱布或麻袋片覆盖。阴凉处放缸，缸内盛有少量清水，水上放置木架，将筐篮放于木架上，再用薄膜封闭缸口。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">3</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">、休眠保鲜：采收后于</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">25</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">摄氏度以上室内放置</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">3-5</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">小时，使其旺盛呼吸，然后再于</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">0</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">摄氏度左右的冷库中静置处理</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">12</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">小时左右，</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">20</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">摄氏度左右保鲜期约为</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">4-5</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">天。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">4</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">、气调保鲜：该方法是以人工控制环境的温度、湿度及气体成分等，达到保鲜目的。简易气调保藏</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">将鲜菇如香菇、双孢菇等贮藏于含氧量</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">1%-2%</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">、二氧化碳</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">40%</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">氮气</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">58%-59%</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">的气调袋内，于</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">20</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">摄氏度条件下，可保藏</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">8</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">天左右。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"></span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span> </p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">5</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">、“硅窗”袋保鲜</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">将硅橡胶按比例地镶嵌袋保鲜</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">将硅橡按比例地镶嵌在塑料包装袋壁，就形成了具有保鲜作用的“硅窗”保鲜袋。该塑料袋能依靠“硅窗”自动调节袋内氧与二氧化碳的比例。从而达到使鲜菇安全贮藏的目的。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">6</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">、平菇辐射保鲜：以钴</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">60</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">射线照射平菇，辐射剂量为</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">5-10</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">万拉德，贮藏在</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">0</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">摄氏度条件下，较好地保持鲜菇的颜色、气味与质地等商品形状达</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">7-10</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">天。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">7</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">、草菇辐射保鲜：以钴</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">60</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">射线处理纸塑袋装草菇，辐射剂量为</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">8-12</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">万拉德，于</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">14-16</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">摄氏度下保鲜</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">2-3</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">天，商品性状良好。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">8</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、化学保鲜：化学保鲜就是利用化学物质来抑制飻用菌的呼吸强度，并防止腐败性微生物的活动。</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">食用菌化学保鲜具有方法简单、成本低、保鲜程度高等优点。 </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br/></span><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><a href="http://space.taobao.com/blog/cad89b390c4fbe9f53a26206937526c0/myindex/show_blog-13941537.htm##" target="_blank"><span lang="ZH" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt">氯化钠</span></a></span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><a href="http://space.taobao.com/blog/cad89b390c4fbe9f53a26206937526c0/myindex/show_blog-13941537.htm##" target="_blank"><span lang="ZH" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt">食盐</span></a></span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）保鲜将新采的平菇、凤尾菇等经整理后浸入０</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">.</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">６％的食盐水中约１０分钟，沥干后装入塑料袋储藏，能保鲜５～８天。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br/></span><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）焦亚硫酸钠保鲜</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">将新采收的平菇摊放在干净的水泥地面上，向菇体喷洒０．１５％焦亚硫酸钠水溶液，边喷边翻动菇体，以便喷洒均匀。喷后装入塑料袋，立即封口储存在阴凉处，在１０</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">℃</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">～２５</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">℃</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">下可保鲜８～１０天。食用时，要用清水漂洗。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br/></span><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）米汤膜保鲜</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">用做米饭时的稀米汤，加入１％纯碱或５％小苏打，冷却至室温。将采下的鲜蘑菇浸入米汤碱液中，５分钟后捞出，置阴凉干燥处。此时在蘑菇表面形成一层米汤薄膜，可以隔绝空气，保鲜３天。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br/></span><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）抗坏血酸保鲜</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">金针菇、香菇、草菇等采收后，往鲜菇上喷洒０．１％的抗坏血酸液，装入非铁质容器内，可保鲜３～５天，其鲜度、色泽基本不改变。</span></strong>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">近几十年来，人们逐渐认识了食用菌的生长规律，改进了古老的依靠</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><a href="http://space.taobao.com/blog/cad89b390c4fbe9f53a26206937526c0/myindex/show_blog-13941537.htm##" target="_blank"><span lang="ZH" style="COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.5pt">孢子</span></a></span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">、菌丝自然传播的生产方式。人工培养栽培种的菌丝，加快了食用菌的繁殖速度和获得高产的可能性。有些国家还建成了年产鲜菇千吨以上的工厂。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">1950</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">年，全世界较大面积的栽培食用菌约</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">5</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">类，产量约</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">7</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">万吨，西欧一些生产蘑菇的国家，每平方米栽培面积的平均产量约为</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">2000</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">克左右。到</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">1980</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">年，栽培种类已超过</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">12</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">类，产量约</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">121</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">万吨、有的国家每平方米的产量已提高到</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">27</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">千克。近年来，还发展了既供观赏又供食品的家庭种菇和用菌丝体液体发酵生产食品添加剂的技术。中国广泛栽培的食用菌有蘑菇、香菇、草菇、木耳、银耳、平菇、滑菇等</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">7</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">类，</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">1982</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">年总产量约</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">15</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">万吨，在掌握选育优良品种、改进制种和栽培技术的基础上，食用菌的发展速度正迅速提高。科学家们预言，</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">21</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #333333; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">世纪食用菌将发展成为人类主要的蛋白质食品之一。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">二、食用菌行业概述</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">中国领土辽阔，地形复杂，气候多样，是菌类的良好的滋生地，孕育着丰富的食用菌资源。中国食用菌产业的历史可以追溯到公元</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">1</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">世纪。当今世界性商业化栽培的十余种食用菌，绝大多数都起源于中国。由于食用菌产业在我国历史悠久，我国在其基础研究和应用技术研究方面都有许多重大的发现和革新，在某些领域一直居于国际领先水平。中国食用菌产业的发展有其鲜明的特色，我国的食用菌产业属于低成本产业，注重发挥社会效益和生态效益，成为许多发展中国家借鉴的成功典范，为世界食用菌产业的繁荣做出了有益贡献。</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">（一）、食用菌产业是朝阳产业</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">自改革开放以来，</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">食用菌产业作为新兴产业在我国农业和农村经济发展中特别是建设社会主义新农村中的地位日趋重要，已成为我国广大农村和农民最主要的经济来源之一，成为中国农业的支柱产业之一，也是在我国农业发展中具有独特的优势和地位，是种植业中最具活力的经济作物之一。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">目前我国</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">从事食用菌菌种、种植、收购、加工、运输和贸易的相关人员已达三千万，人工栽培的食用菌种类不断增多，年产量持续增长</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">随着食用菌技术的应用普及，市场需求与农业结构调整的政策环境，中国食用菌行业已步入快速成长期的稳定发展阶段。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">（二）、食用菌产业现已成为中国农业中的一个重要产业</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; tab-stops: center="center"207.65pt left="left"268.5pt"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">我国是一个农业大国。</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">食用菌产业现已成为中国农业中的一个重要产业，是种植业中仅次于粮、棉、油、果、菜的第六大类产品。中国</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">农作物秸杆年积累量约</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">3.7</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">亿吨，林副产品产量上亿吨。丰富的农林废料为食用菌产业的发展提供了充足的原料，且劳动力资源丰富。食用菌产业已成为中国农业中的一个重要产业。据统计，</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">2006</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">年全国食用菌产量达到</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">1400</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">万</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">t</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">，占全球产量的</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">70 %</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">，总产值在全国种植业中仅次于粮、棉、油、果、菜</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">居第六位，占全球总产值的</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">70</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">％以上，产值</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">590</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">个亿，出口创汇</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">11.2</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">亿美元，综合产值达</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">1300</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">个亿（含餐饮及深加工），安置和转移农村富裕劳动力、矿区失地农民、林区转产工人</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">2500</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">万人。食用菌生产是我国农林经济中具有较强活力的新兴产业，也成为贫困地区农民脱贫致富的重要途径。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">食用菌产业在发展我国农村经济、帮助农民脱贫致富，开发新的食品和药品资源，保障人民健康等方面做出了重要贡献。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">由于具备发展食用菌产业的得天独厚的条件，中国食用菌产业发展迅猛，现已成为世界上第一食用菌生产大国。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">1991~2001</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">年中国食用菌总产量、出口量及世界产量（鲜重）综合统计资料见表</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">1</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">。目前，中国食用菌年产量占世界总产量的</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow"> 65%</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">以上，出口量占亚洲出口总量的</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">80%</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">，占全球贸易的</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">40%</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">2002</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">年中国食用菌产量为</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">867</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">万吨，加工后的总产值</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">408</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH; mso-highlight: yellow">亿元。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">（三）、中国已成为名副其实的食用菌大国</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">食用菌产业是种植业中仅次于粮、棉、油、果、菜的第六大类产品。目前，中国食用菌年产量占世界总产量的</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">65%</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">以上，出口量占亚洲出口总量的</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">80%</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">，占全球贸易的</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">40%</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">。</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">2002</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">年中国食用菌产量为</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">867</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">万吨，加工后的总产值</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">408</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">亿元。我国食用菌的平菇、香菇、双孢菇、黑木耳、金针菇、猴头菇、草菇等品种产量为世界之首，目前，我国食用菌年产量达</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">1150</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">万吨（</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">2006</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">），占世界总产量的</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">65-70%</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">，占世界食用菌贸易总量的</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">40%</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">，贸易总额达</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">11.2</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">亿美元，</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">已成为世界食用菌生产大国。</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">除产量外，食用菌的栽培种类也位居世界首位。目前，我国已知食用菌近</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">950</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">种，进行人工栽培的食用菌约有六十余种，例如双孢菇、香菇、金针菇、平菇、凤尾菇、秀珍菇、滑菇、竹荪、毛木耳、黑木耳、银耳、草菇、银丝草菇、猴头菌、姬松茸、杏鲍菇、白灵菇、灰树花、皱环球盖菇、长根菇、鸡腿蘑、真姬菇等。除人工栽培食用菌外，我国还大力发展了以灵芝、冬虫夏草、茯苓等为代表的药用菌产业和以松茸、牛肝菌、块菌、羊肚菌等为代表的野生食用菌产业。仅松茸一项，</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">2003</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">年出口创汇就达</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">5,000</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">多万美元。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"0cm="0cm"0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH">近年来，中国食用菌产业在增加产量的同时，更加注重提高质量、保证安全，食用菌生产开始从数量增长型向质量效益型转变。在产品结构上，发展优势产品，开发珍稀品种；在生产技术上，向机械化、集约化方向发展，提高劳动效率和产品质量；在生产经营上，坚持走精深加工的道路，开发保健食品，提高综合效益；在产品流通上，发展专业批发市场，在大中城市建立配送中心和连锁店，使小包装鲜菇直接进入超市柜台。在食用菌消费上，努力宣传食用菌文化，食用菌产品已作为健康、时尚食品摆上家庭餐桌；在对外出口贸易上，加强对外宣传，扩大国际交流合作，拓宽出口渠道，开拓多元化国际市场。中国食用菌产品正稳步走向世界。</span></strong><strong><span lang="ZH" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH"> </span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #533d25; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH"><o:p></o:p></span></p>