野蘑菇 发表于 2009-5-1 02:14:26

世界第一部食用菌专著《菌谱》

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" c="c"/><meta name="ProgId" c="c"/><meta name="Generator" c="c"/><meta name="Originator" c="c"/><!--><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing>7.8 磅</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing>
<w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>
<w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:Compatibility>
   <w:SpaceForUL/>
   <w:BalanceSingleByteDoubleByteWidth/>
   <w:DoNotLeaveBackslashAlone/>
   <w:ULTrailSpace/>
   <w:DoNotExpandShiftReturn/>
   <w:AdjustLineHeightInTable/>
   <w:BreakWrappedTables/>
   <w:SnapToGridInCell/>
   <w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
   <w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
   <w:DontGrowAutofit/>
   <w:UseFELayout/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
</w:WordDocument>
</xml><!--><!--><xml>
<w:LatentStyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156">
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><!--><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
        {font-family:宋体;
        panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
        mso-font-alt:SimSun;
        mso-font-charset:134;
        mso-generic-font-family:auto;
        mso-font-pitch:variable;
        mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;}
@font-face
        {font-family:Verdana;
        panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;
        mso-font-charset:0;
        mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
        mso-font-pitch:variable;
        mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;}
@font-face
        {font-family:"\@宋体";
        panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
        mso-font-charset:134;
        mso-generic-font-family:auto;
        mso-font-pitch:variable;
        mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
        {mso-style-parent:"";
        margin:0cm;
        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
        text-align:justify;
        text-justify:inter-ideograph;
        mso-pagination:none;
        font-size:10.5pt;
        mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
        font-family:"Times New Roman";
        mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
        mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;}
/* Page Definitions */
@page
        {mso-page-border-surround-header:no;
        mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}
@page Section1
        {size:595.3pt 841.9pt;
        margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;
        mso-header-margin:42.55pt;
        mso-footer-margin:49.6pt;
        mso-paper-source:0;
        layout-grid:15.6pt;}
div.Section1
        {page:Section1;}
-->
</style><!-->
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
        {mso-style-name:普通表格;
        mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
        mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
        mso-style-noshow:yes;
        mso-style-parent:"";
        mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
        mso-para-margin:0cm;
        mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
        font-size:10.0pt;
        font-family:"Times New Roman";
        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
        mso-ansi-language:#0400;
        mso-fareast-language:#0400;
        mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
</style>
<!--><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; 宋淳祐五年（</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">1245</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">），仙居陈仁玉的《菌谱》问世，这是世界上最早的一部关于食用菌的专著。</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 陈仁玉，字惠公，一字德翰，号碧栖。南宋嘉定五年（</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">1212</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">）出生于仙居城南黄村。祖、父</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">均为武科进士，母为理宗皇后谢道清的姑妈。陈仁玉年轻时博览天文地理诸籍，读书之余，</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">好培植花木。开庆元年（</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">1259</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">），赐同进士出身。景定元年五月（</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">1260</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">），升直华文阁。八月，升入敷文阁，任浙东安抚使。后以兵部侍郎告老还乡。元兵南下时陈仁玉寓居台州郡城</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，与权知州王珏修城死守。义兵败，率残兵退至石塘山（今温岭石塘镇）隐居，并</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">戒子孙</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">世世无仕元</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 《菌谱》是陈仁玉年青时住在家乡仙居时写成的。据《菌谱》自序中说：</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仙居界台、括，</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">丛山峻拔，仙灵所宫，爰产异菌。林居岩栖者，左右芼之，固藜藿之至腴，莼葵之上瑞</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">其味十分香美。自从宋宁宗庆元六年至嘉泰三年（</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">1200—1203</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">）临海谢深甫出任右丞相，直到谢深甫的孙女谢道清为理宗皇后，数十年间，朝中谢氏家族，皆喜爱家乡这种鲜美的特产。周密《癸辛杂识》中曾记载：</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">天台出桐蕈，味极珍，然致远必渍以麻油，色味未免顿减。诸谢皆台人，尤嗜此品，乃并舁桐木以致之，旋摘以供馔。</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">由于当时朝廷上下对台菌的酷嗜，入山采摘的人络绎不绝。陈仁玉认为对于这种珍贵的土特产，很有辨识的必要。</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">因此，他经过长期的观察、研究、品尝，</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">欲尽菌之性，而究其用，第其品</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">，写成了《菌谱》一书。</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 《菌谱》共</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">11</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">篇，分别介绍了合蕈、稠膏蕈、栗壳蕈、松蕈、竹蕈、麦蕈、玉蕈、紫蕈、四季蕈、鹅膏蕈共</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">11</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">种蕈。言简意赅，内容丰富。首先，《菌谱》中对菌的生长条件，作了详</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">细的记载，认为</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">芝菌皆气茁也。</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">也就是说，需要有一个气候、温度、湿度均适宜的生长</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">环</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">
</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">境。其次，《菌谱》中还介绍了</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US">11</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">种食用菌的形状、颜色、味道和食法。记载了某些食用菌</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的药理作用以及误食毒蕈后的解救办法。</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> 陈仁玉的《菌谱》，开创了我国菌类植物学的先河。明代潘之恒的《广菌谱》和清代吴林的</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">《吴蕈谱》，都是在陈谱研究基础上的进一步发展。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br/><span style="font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">来源：中国菌文化博览中心<br/></span></p>

平菇叶 发表于 2009-5-1 10:43:46

中国菌文化博览中心<br/>看看去

xiujian 发表于 2009-5-1 12:40:06

<font face="Verdana">&nbsp;平菇叶兄可看看这个&nbsp; <a href="http://www.cmcec.net/">http://www.cmcec.net/</a>&nbsp; 中华<em>菌文化博览中心</em>，是个思路</font>
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 世界第一部食用菌专著《菌谱》