导读 › 综论 › [转帖]2008年食用菌产业市场形势分析

bjlxt 发表于 2008-3-31 17:19:12

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">三、产业市场的品牌发展现状与趋势</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">在我国食用菌产业市场趋向完善发展的过程中，产业的企业家做的更早，做的更多，做的更好。就目前食用菌企业在营销方面而言，对品牌与市场间关系的取舍倾向存在着两种情况。第一种情况是视市场重于品牌，这种情况多存在于一些新进入者。因为对他们来说，首要的任务是要在这个激烈的市场竞争中生存下去，占有一定的市场之后才能谈及品牌形象的塑造。在这些新进入群体中，不排除有一些怀有赚取</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">暴利</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">目的的企业，这些企业在进入市场之后，采取种种手段想方设法占领市场，谋取利润，视市场的占有率为企业的唯一目的，而对于品牌根本就无暇顾及。这样的企业虽然随着份额的扩大而逐渐在市场中获得了相当的知名度，但因为只注重于市场的占有和利润的赚取而相对缺少与之配套的其他发展战略，因此在市场的生存状态往往就是昙花一现，少则一两年，多则五六年，像流星一般很快地在市场的夜空中销声匿迹。第二种情况是在品牌与市场的取舍中相对较重视品牌经营战略，这种情况一般存在于已在目前市场中占得了重要地位并取得了一定品牌知名度的企业当中。中国食用菌产业经过近几年的发展已日臻成熟与完善，其成熟的表现之一就是在品牌经营战略已得到业内企业的广泛重视。中国食用菌商务网从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2006</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年开始在业界推出食用菌品牌战略，现已有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">多家企业参与，在业界和消费领域引起反响。纵观一下目前国内食用菌市场，一些较为成熟的企业已经清醒地认识到品牌与市场的孰轻孰重，如江苏安惠、辽宁田园等业界知名企业认为，对市场份额起根本作用的还是品牌，品牌是制胜之本。他们在品牌战略上有着自己独到的经营方针，并在此基础上获得了市场的回报。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/></span>

bjlxt 发表于 2008-3-31 17:19:31

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">因此，对目前的食用菌企业来说，市场是重要的，但比市场更重要的还是品牌，从某种意义上来说，品牌是通向市场的一条捷径，做品牌也就是做市场，拥有了品牌资产，就等于拥有了竞争的资本。品牌产品品牌企业多的产业才是一个成熟的健康发展的产业。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2008</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年奥运年，随着食用菌产业的消费量扩大，我国食用菌产业市场将越来越注重品牌，区域品牌、企业品牌、产品品牌的细化将在竞争中进一步完善。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/></span>

bjlxt 发表于 2008-3-31 17:19:57

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">四、产业市场流通企业分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">食用菌生产过程对自然力、自然条件的依赖性比较强。因此具有鲜活性，生产上的区域性、季节性、分散性等特点，这就体现了食用菌产业流通企业的重要作用。我国现阶段食用菌流通企业多为中小企业，有的是从生产转到产品流通，有的是从其他农产品流通转到或兼做食用菌，大中城市鲜品食用菌销售多为小型个体专业销售食用菌的流通商，他们之间具有地域性、血缘性等特征，这对他们形成营销同盟买卖盈利有利，但对菇农增收不利，这也是产业市场当前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">两头大，中间小</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（两头，指生产和消费，中间指流通渠道）现象形成的主要因素之一。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">由于食用菌生产具有区域性，而人们的需求是多样性的，因而需要不同区域间进行流通交易，然而食用菌的鲜活易腐性，使得食用菌在运输仓储需要特定的设备，在流通销售过程中必须采取一定的措施，才能保证食用菌合乎质量要求进入消费。例如：产品收购后还要进行冷冻冷藏处理（指鲜品销售产品），在流通环节还需要进行分级、剪切加工、包装等工作。即便采取了保鲜等措施，仍会有一定比例的损耗，而且这个比例会随时间和距离加大而增加，这会造成流通成本上升，加之，我国食用菌产业流通企业的规模整体偏小，竞争区域不大，流通渠道变化不大，流通半径不大，所以我国食用菌流通企业收购食用菌产品的主要方法仍然是产季在产地布点收购，通过物流在最短时间内运输到销售地的产品市场，资金周转一般不大，产品运转周期短。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2008</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年，这种模式不会有太大改善。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/></span>

bjlxt 发表于 2008-3-31 17:20:32

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">五、措施及建议</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">农产品生产产业化作为一种集体意识，是基于中国现实的应对选择。食用菌是农产品，是人类健康的重要营养源，未来，中国食用菌产业必须走产业化道路。主要原因有二，其一，从业者利益自身要求。此番农产品价格上涨、食品价格上涨，很多行业都获利了，比如牛奶、方便面、猪肉、食用油。但为什么食用菌产业的获利少，特别是菇农的获利少。其原因在哪里？分析我国乳品行业，伊利、蒙牛、光明几个品牌大企业与他们的奶农是一体的，乳品涨价，奶农必然跟着获利，而乳品涨价只需要几个公司达成一致即可。食用菌产业不同，中国食用菌产业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万菇农，各品种食用菌从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万菇农手中进入流通市场，面对的是现代化的大城市农批市场中的已经形成机构性组织性的批发商，无力与之抗争，试想，一个产业的绝大多数生产者没有价格制定权，这个产业会有高利润吗？其二，国家食品安全政策要求。从分散生产进入到流通环节，市场交易模式与农户分散生产的条件结合，结果之一，通过农贸市场多次交易而抵达最终消费者的农副产品，即使出现问题，亦难以追溯。另一方面，这一格局所带来的真实困境是监管的难度。政府有义不容辞的责任保证食品安全，这是没问题的，包括立法、监管，但这仅仅是一方面。全国</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">亿多的农户，上百万的中小型企业，我们国家有多少监管员去监督？复杂的中国现实及其结构关系难以被认知，于是有了简单逻辑的报道，其结果，广大消费者对食品安全问题过度敏感。而这一敏感，又将导致对政府监管的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">无限</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">要求。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/></span>

bjlxt 发表于 2008-3-31 17:21:17

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">在此背景下，产业化成为一种需要加速完成的强势的集体意识。因为更多政策研究与决策者注意到，比如乳业，当他们集约化产业化程度提升，将成为改变分散化的市场交易为组织或企业交易模式的一种力量，这些产业化企业有自己的生产基地或签约农户，分散化的农户因此而被新的结构重新组合，风险与监管难度亦将因此降低。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">产业化看起来是一个无可逆转的过程，但事情都有两面性，经过若干年的产业化进程，可以预测，小规模种菇的生产者将越来越少，原本传统手工的工艺开始逐渐被机械设备所替代，那时食用菌也许就不再是一个惠农产业了，完全成为生物农业或是生物食品产业。产品价格将要上涨，全国总产量将会停止每年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">15</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">％左右的快速增长。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">我们分析中国食用菌产业化发展未来将会有几种模式并存。第一种模式，区域性产业化发展。以县（市）生产基地为单位，建立市场，创建品牌，保证菇农标准化生产，保障菇农增收，因为菇农生产是占绝大部分的，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2500</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万从业者中，菇农最少是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万，只有各主产基地顺利的把菇农转化成为产业化工人和具有标准化生产技能的现代菇农，产业市场发展才会快速完善起来。以主产县为单位的区域产业发展目前在我国成功的基地县有很多，其中，河北平泉县的做法是最典型的，平泉主产香菇、滑子菇、黑木耳等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">30</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">多个品种，去年全县总产量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万吨，其中滑子菇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万吨，反季节花香菇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1.1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万吨，夏季高温香菇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">0.3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万吨，其他</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">0.6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万吨，产值</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">亿元，县内食用菌相关企业</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">30</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">多家，年加工能力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万吨。在该县每个村都有菇农大户带头修建冷库和煮菇车间，这样就避免了产季期间收购商压价，因为价格低了可以仓储，实在不行就水煮盐渍进行简单初加工。在县菌办的具体组织协调下，全县各乡镇食用菌生产根据气候等自然条件整体布局发展，县内企业之间每年收菇都有竞争，这样就进一步保证了菇农的利益。第二种模式，工厂化生产。因为产品的目标市场不同，高品质加周年生产使得工厂化生产的食用菌有很大市场。未来几年，我国工厂化生产食用菌规模会越来越大、生产区域会越来越广、产量占全国总产量比重会越来越大、生产品种会越来越多、产品质量会越来越稳定、连锁经营等品牌企业生产模式将逐步完善。第三种模式，个人和企业联合体。这种模式以期货签约式为主，主要为大型食品工业生产企业签约基地菇农按其要求生产，这种模式虽然现在有，但未来将更加完善，企业给个人的获利空间会更大，企业对产品的质量要求也将更高。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/></span>

bjlxt 发表于 2008-3-31 17:21:42

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">近年来，为进一步促进市场与产地对接，各主产基地做了大量的积极的有效的工作，取得了很好的成绩。比如，近年，全国各地食用菌产地没有发生卖菇难问题，个别地区价格偏低属于市场供求问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2008</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年促进市场与产地对接的工作还应该继续加强，应该着眼于积极发展现代农业模式下标准化生产食用菌，转变食用菌产品增长方式，提高菇农组织化程度，提升食用菌市场行情等信息服务水平，探索建立解决食用菌鲜品附加值提升的长效机制，营造良好的产业市场流通环境，增强抵御市场风险的能力，完善产地产季区域调控等方面还应加大工作力度。特别是要引导菇农按照市场波动规律安排生产，改良技术引进先进设备，错开集中上市高峰期，适度提早或延后上市。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">总之，在国内外残酷的市场竞争形势下，中国食用菌产业的从业者特别是企业负责人应该有一种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">做精</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的精神，而不是片面追求规模最大，利益最大，大而不强，精则强，做精与我国食用菌产业整体发展产业化没有矛盾。没有国际市场的定价权，是中国食用菌产业的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">短板</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，目前严重制约了产业的发展。只有积极创新生产模式，不懈地进行技术创新，提高品质，精益求精，大力加强品牌建设，才能改变大而不强的状况，这是做精企业，做强产业，提高产业整体国际市场竞争力的关键和核心，要准确定位，打造具有特色的生产模式、营销模式，抓住机遇，迎接挑战。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"/></span>

hfsyj 发表于 2008-3-31 21:33:35

写的很好

蘑菇人 发表于 2008-4-2 20:00:19

用了心思写的，有内容，值得鼓励！

xiaohe 发表于 2008-3-31 23:39:35

顶一下

jinfen 发表于 2008-3-31 23:22:34

<p>食用菌还是有很大发展潜力的</p>

查看完整版本: [转帖]2008年食用菌产业市场形势分析