蕈菌及其应用

蘑菇人

张树庭 

  　　蕈菌的定义是:具有明显的、肉眼可辨的子实体的大型真菌。其菌肉为肉质、木质或革质。大多数的种属担子菌,部份种属子囊菌,有些种可形成菌根。蕈菌有重要的经济价值,不少种类可供食用和药用。过去三年内,世界食用蕈菌年产量每年平均增加24.5%,总增加率为72.5%。1989—1990年度产量为3763000吨,年产值约为74.85亿美元。今后预计产量还会增加。一些药用菌已作为医药制剂进行工业生产并在临床上应用,有的已开发成为保健饮料和化妆品的重要原料。
 

过去将Mushroo血译为“菇’,、“蘑菇”或“荤”。作者认为作为规范的科学名词译成“覃菌”较好。“覃菌”一词专指具有比较复杂的组织结构、肉眼可辨的子实体的大型真菌。研究覃菌的学科称为“覃菌学”,它是真菌学的一个分支。

MUSHROOM AND ITS APPLICATION
  S.T.ChangDepartment of Biology;The Chinese University of Hong Kong;Shatin;N.T.;Hong Kong
  　A mushroom is defined as a macrofungus with a distinctive frui- ting body which can either be epigeous or hypogeous.The macrofungi have fruiting bodies large enough to be seen with the naked eyes and to be picked up by hand. Thus,macrofungi need not be Basidiomycetes,nor fleshy.They can be Ascomycetes, and their texture may be leathery,corky or woody.Over the past three years,mush- room production has increased by 72.5%,with an annual increase of 24.5%.In 1989/90,world production of edible mushrooms totalled 3,760,000 metric tons which were valued at about US 7.5 billion dollars.Due to their unique taste and flavour and as medicinal tonics,the cultivation of mushrooms will not only be continued as a means of increasing food production but will also emphasize their importance to medical research and in the development of beverages,pharmaceuticals and even cos- metics.

王茂

希望食用菌行业蓬勃发展