ysdan 发表于 2012-1-15 20:30:31

[原创]真姬菇废料栽培姬松茸是否可行

<p>先给大家拜个早年。<br/>本人刚毕业,首次接触种菇,想利用真姬菇废料栽培姬松茸,不知可行吗。<br/>现在给出自己的一套小方案。如有不足或需要改进的,希望老师,菇友多多指出。<br/>&nbsp; </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">栽培工艺</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">废料处理</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">→<span style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">建堆发酵</span>→<span style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">菌种制作</span>→<span style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">灭菌、接菌、发菌</span>→<span style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">覆土出菇</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">1.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">废料处理</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">挑选未污染的真姬菇废菌包,剪去塑料袋捣碎菌料,将废料拖到堆料场平摊晒干</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">天。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">2.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">建堆发酵</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">先将棉籽壳预湿,与真姬菇废料</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">1:2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">配比充分拌匀补充水分,使其达到</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">60%~70%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">,后建堆发酵。堆成锥形,插上通气孔。之后按照</span><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" year="2005" M="M"day="3" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">5-4-3</span></st1:chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">-3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">翻堆,翻堆是要将外围的料翻到堆内,底层的料翻到顶层,以便发酵均匀,腐熟一致。第一次翻堆的时候加入</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">2%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">的石灰。当发酵料里长出白色的菌丝,之后变色黑色,有芳草味、无氨味,发酵结束。注意,装袋之前,料须防止被雨淋湿。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">3.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">菌种制作</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">姬松茸菌种一般可分为母种、原种、栽培种。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">3.1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">母种制作</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">姬松茸母种一般采用</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">PDA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">培养基</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">3.2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">原种制作</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">姬松茸原种制作采用棉籽壳菌种,棉籽壳也经发酵处理。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">配方:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">a</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">棉籽壳</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">85%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">,麸皮</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">8%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">,豆粕</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">5%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">,玉米粉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">2%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">PH 8-9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">b</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">棉籽壳</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">78%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">,麸皮</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">12%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">,豆粕</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">7%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">,玉米粉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">3%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">PH 8-9<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.棉籽壳78%,麸皮8%,豆杆粉5%,杂木屑7%,玉米粉2%,PH 8-9</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">3.3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">栽培种制作</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">将发酵好的料与其他精料充分拌匀,装袋。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">配方:<span lang="EN-US">a.</span>发酵料<span lang="EN-US">72%</span>,麸皮<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>,豆粕<span lang="EN-US">5%</span>,玉米粉<span lang="EN-US">3%</span>,<span lang="EN-US">PH 8-9<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>b.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">发酵料<span lang="EN-US">72%</span>,麸皮<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>,豆杆粉<span lang="EN-US">5%</span>,玉米粉<span lang="EN-US">3%</span>,<span lang="EN-US">PH 8-9<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>c.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">发酵料<span lang="EN-US">54%</span>,甘蔗渣<span lang="EN-US">18%</span>,麸皮<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>,豆粕<span lang="EN-US">5%</span>,玉米粉<span lang="EN-US">3%</span>,<span lang="EN-US">PH 8-9<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>d.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">发酵料<span lang="EN-US">54%</span>,甘蔗渣<span lang="EN-US">18%</span>,麸皮<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>,豆杆粉<span lang="EN-US">5%</span>,玉米粉<span lang="EN-US">3%</span>,<span lang="EN-US">PH 8-9<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">4.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">灭菌、接菌、发菌<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">将制作好的菌包于常压锅灭菌,<span lang="EN-US">100</span>°<span lang="EN-US">C</span>下保持<span lang="EN-US">12</span>小时,冷却至<span lang="EN-US">20</span>°<span lang="EN-US">C</span>左右接菌。再将接好的菌包移入培养房,<span lang="EN-US">23</span>°<span lang="EN-US">C</span>左右培养,约<span lang="EN-US">45~55</span>天左右长满。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">5.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">覆土栽培<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">覆土材料选用无污染的泥炭土,腐熟程度、保水性和通气性都良好的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">将满袋后的菌包脱袋,移入“栽培筐”,采用一次覆土方式,覆土后立即喷水,使覆土层保持湿润,然后盖上薄膜。当有少量菌丝长到覆土表面时,揭开薄膜,喷一次重水(约平常的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">2~3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">倍),加强通风,刺激子实体原基的形成。当菇蕾长到</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">厘米大时,停止喷水。菇房温度保持在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">22~25</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">°</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt" lang="EN-US">C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">。<br/><br/><br/></span></p>
<p>现在刚开始试验中,以后持续上传图片<br/></p>

ysdan 发表于 2012-1-16 23:46:02

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>coliywang</i>在2012-1-16 13:59:44的发言:</b><br/>也给楼主拜个早年,学习了~~~~~~~~ </div>
<p>谢谢,我们互相学习</p>

wjl_boy 发表于 2012-1-17 09:42:53

菌种似乎水有点大,是吗

ysdan 发表于 2012-1-17 12:00:34

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>wjl_boy</i>在2012-1-17 9:42:53的发言:</b><br/>菌种似乎水有点大,是吗 </div>
<p>是的,因为老是下雨,发酵料管理不是很当,做出来的菌包水分都比较高</p>

coliywang 发表于 2012-1-16 13:59:44

也给楼主拜个早年,学习了~~~~~~~~

ysdan 发表于 2012-1-16 12:22:23

<br/>废料的发酵<br/><br/>废料的发酵<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>棉籽壳菌种<br/><br/>棉籽壳菌种<br/>

hbcxsyj6 发表于 2012-1-15 20:38:37

不好意思,我不懂,不过前来认识一下新朋友。

台灣小香菇 发表于 2012-1-17 17:55:37

學習了!!<br/>菌絲挺壯的!<br/><br/>期待出菇!!<br/>

ysdan 发表于 2012-1-18 08:50:45

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>台灣小香菇</i>在2012-1-17 17:55:37的发言:</b><br/>學習了!!<br/>菌絲挺壯的!<br/><br/>期待出菇!!<br/></div>
<p>谢谢,不过你说的菌丝挺壮的,应该是说我的棉籽壳菌种吧,<br/>不过我用废料栽培的菌种,我感觉没有那么壮</p>
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