[原创] 美国DNP公司的羊肚菌工厂已经停产
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span><strong>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><font size="4">美国核心羊肚菌专利技术形成与应用历程<br/></font> </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span><font color="#ff0000">1980年</font></span>……..<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">美国旧金山州立大学</span>Don. Ower <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">博士首次突破羊肚菌室内人工培育的技术秘密。</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span><font color="#ff0000">1982年</font></span>…….. Don. Ower<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">在美国专业杂志《</span>Micrologia<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">》上发表羊肚菌室内栽培成功的文献，这是当时世界上唯一也是首次有关室内栽培出羊肚菌子实体的报道。</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span><font color="#ff0000">1982—1990年</font></span>……..<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">羊肚菌室内人工培育技术后来在美国密歇根州立大学</span>Neogen<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">有限公司经过近</span>10<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">余年的进一步开发和完善（该研究受到瑞士</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue">Domino's Pizza Inc</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Century Gothic'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Century Gothic'" lang="ZH-CN">公司的资金支持，早在</span>1987<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">年再次投入</span>100<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">万美元</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Century Gothic'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Century Gothic'" lang="ZH-CN">涉足羊肚菌专利栽培技术并成为该专利的股东）</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">，最终形成了世界上唯一的羊肚菌室内栽培专利（</span>Ower <i>et al.</i>, 1986<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">；</span>Ower <i>et al.</i>, 1988<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">；</span>Ower <i>et al.</i>, 1989)<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span><font color="#ff0000">1990—1992年</font></span>……..<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; COLOR: blue">Domino's Pizza Inc</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">在密歇根州一个叫做</span>”<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">梅森</span>”(Mason)<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">的地方建立了</span>7000<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">平方英尺的羊肚菌周年化生产试验车间，有</span>6<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">间特别出菇房，每周生产新鲜羊肚菌</span>500<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">磅，这是世界上羊肚菌首次室内商业化栽培的开端，在业界具有划时代的意义，这家工厂被称为<font color="#00ccff">‘</font></span><font color="#00ccff">Morel <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Montain</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN"><font color="#00ccff">’</font>。每平方英尺羊肚菌子实体发生密度达到</span>50<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">个以上。</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span><font color="#ff0000">1994—2002年</font></span>……..<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">美国</span>Terry farm <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">在</span>1994<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">年出资</span>1000<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">万美元购买了美国羊肚菌室内栽培专利在美国西北部的专利生产经营权，这是当时世界上羊肚菌室内人工栽培的唯一生产和销售专利权，</span>Terry<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">计划在阿拉巴马州的奥本（</span>Auburn<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">）建造</span>7<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">万平方万英尺的羊肚菌室内生产车间。到了</span>2002<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">年，</span>Terry<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">公司达到了每周能够提供</span>5000<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">磅新鲜羊肚菌。</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span><font color="#ff0000">2005年</font></span>…….Terry<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">又将羊肚菌室内生产专利转让给美国密歇根州</span>DNP<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">公司，</span>DNP<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">在美国密歇根州一个名叫</span><span style="COLOR: fuchsia">Scottville</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">的地方建造了庞大的食用菌生产工厂，每周能够提供</span>16,000<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">磅新鲜的新特奇珍稀食用菌，其中包括每周共</span>3,000<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">磅的新鲜羊肚菌（该公司是美国中西部新特奇珍稀食用菌的最大生产商和供应商，拥有近</span>200,000<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">平方英尺的食用菌生产车间）</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span><font color="#ff0000">2008年</font></span><span style="COLOR: #00b050">......</span>DNP<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">羊肚菌生产遇到了空前的技术难题并且一直无法解决（细菌污染始于2006年），内源性细菌污染越来越严重，羊肚菌产量很低甚至绝产，超过一年半的时间都无法履行羊肚菌的供货合同，</span>50<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">多个从事室内羊肚菌生产的工人全部解雇了。至此，真正意义上的羊肚菌工厂化生产已经彻底停产了。从</span>2008<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin" lang="ZH-CN">年到现在，世界上又处于没有商品化羊肚菌人工栽培状态。</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"></span><span style="COLOR: #c00000"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p>附图：美国室内羊肚菌栽培照片（来自网络）<br/></o:p></span></p> <p>看了这个介绍，看来这个专利现在已经过期失效了，一会找来看看。</p> <strong>“美国专业杂志《<font color="#ff00ff">Micrologia</font>》”应为《<font color="#0000ff">Mycologia</font>》,系美国真菌学会期刊，主要刊载全球真菌研究的新进展，如真菌的形态、结构、分类，生理学，生物化学，系统发育，真菌分子生物学及技术，应用真菌技术及进展等多方面的进展。国内有著名专家是该杂志的编委。</strong> 羊肚菌室内周年栽培还是比较困难的。尽管美国现在事实上的羊肚菌室内栽培已经停产了，但是其专利栽培技术并没有对外公开。对于其他爱好者而言还是个不小的秘密。 <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>田鸿</i>在2011-5-26 23:45:07的发言：</b><br/><strong>“美国专业杂志《<font color="#ff00ff">Micrologia</font>》”应为《<font color="#0000ff">Mycologia</font>》,系美国真菌学会期刊，主要刊载全球真菌研究的新进展，如真菌的形态、结构、分类，生理学，生物化学，系统发育，真菌分子生物学及技术，应用真菌技术及进展等多方面的进展。国内有著名专家是该杂志的编委。</strong> </div>
<p>多谢指正，是Mycologia 而非Micrologia；对您的严谨作风表示钦佩。</p> <div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>8star</i>在2011-5-26 13:52:27的发言：</b><br/>
<p>看了这个介绍，看来这个专利现在已经过期失效了，一会找来看看。</p></div>
<p>这个专利并没有失效，因为还没有迄今为止还没有第二家公司能够像DNP一样在室内进行羊肚菌规模化栽培的</p> 以菌养菌这个概念，曾经在哪里看到过，羊肚菌是不是也存在伴生菌？ 互利 促进作用呢 yysdk 发表于 2012-5-14 10:19 static/image/common/back.gif
以菌养菌这个概念，曾经在哪里看到过，羊肚菌是不是也存在伴生菌？ 互利 促进作用呢 ...
猪苓和蜜环菌的关系就是。
人工栽培羊肚菌现在还是实验阶段，大面积生产未见报道。 青岛何仙姑 发表于 2013-2-20 20:03 static/image/common/back.gif
人工栽培羊肚菌现在还是实验阶段，大面积生产未见报道。
大面积栽培有，但未报道。只是成者和败者都不愿意说而已。
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