埃及蘑菇 发表于 2011-5-13 16:25:12

[原创]日本香菇袋式栽培(夏秋季出菇)

日本香菇袋式栽培(夏秋季出菇)
1、菌床生产前一年的9月到12月进行装袋杀菌接种作业,最晚也必须在当年的1月底之前结束菌床生产操作。
●菌床为12cm×17cm的圆柱形,重量为1.3kg, 菌丝生长占满顶部的菌床,每箱放12个。
●在9月到1月期间生产的菌床,在有保温设施的培养室内培养。
●生产的菌床应立即放培养棚内.若装入箱内重叠放置,一日就引起高温伤害,应特别注意。

2、培养
●培养棚设有角门,换气窗,出入口,遮阳物。
●培养棚兼作出菇棚。为了不使棚倒塌,各立柱应固定在混凝土上。棚为间距35CM,4层结构。3.3m平方米菌床摆放量为230个。
●为了在菌床脱袋前充分成熟形成菌膜,菌床间保持1CM的间隙排列,在23℃条件下,培养120-150天。培养中应避免直射光,注意通风。
●脱袋时,菌床表面转色达90%以上为好,培养至菇蕾出现。

3、脱袋成熟 
●4月到6月脱袋,脱袋排好后,每日散水1--2个小时。
●转色过程中,窗户,出入口等打开通风换气。 ●因为脱袋刺激,零星长出的,畸形的菇蕾尽快除去,连续散水。
●散水开始,20--30天,菌床重量减少20%左右, 降为1Kg时,出菇管理开始。

4、出菇管理
A浸水出菇
●浸水的程度由吸水率决定,出菇初期的5--8月为浸水前重量的1.1-1.3倍,出菇后期的9--11月为1.3--1.6倍(浸水6--24小时)。
●若不用流动水,应注意异味产生及有害菌的发生。
●出菇开始时,菌床重量以900克为目标,1050克以
●水温高的时期,使用空调,把水调温至15℃浸泡。
●在夏季,浸水3日后出现菇蕾,7日时能采收结束。夏季,因为易腐烂,早晚采收后,在冷库中保存。 
●出菇时,原则上不散水。菌床子实体较干时,可适当散水。 
●浸水开始至下次浸水,约20天左右,休眠状态的菌床干燥后,吸水困难,导致出菇不良,所以每天散水1--2小时。 
●浸水次数,由子实体发生量和菌床的状态决定,一般5次。 
●若菌床受损,夏季易发生菇蝇,为除去菇蝇,棚内吊置除菇蝇的装置,效果较好。

B惊蕈
●菌床重量为1kg时,惊蕈操作开始。
●用直径18MM的东西(硬塑料管等)在菌床的上表面击打2-3次后,出菇时每天散水1-2小时。
●惊蕈3日后长出的菇蕾,7日时能采收完。 
●子实体的采收,休眠中的散水管理和上面的1)浸水出菇相同。
●惊蕈进行5次。


埃及蘑菇 发表于 2011-5-19 21:59:52

&nbsp;把文字重新编排一下,方便大家阅读:<br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font size="5">&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 日本香菇袋式栽培&nbsp;</strong></font>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><strong><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>--</span>夏秋季出菇用</font><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5">--<br/><br/></font></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText">栽培工程图<span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText">━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US">9</span>月<span lang="EN-US">101112<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>6<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>8<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>9<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>10<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>11</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText">━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText">━━菌床购入━━<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText">━━━━━━培养<span lang="EN-US">(20--23</span>℃<span lang="EN-US">)</span>━━━━━</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span>━脱袋转色━</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>━━━出菇<span lang="EN-US">(</span>浸水惊蕈<span lang="EN-US">)</span>━━━━</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText">━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>★培养与出菇使用同一大棚。<span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br/></span></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 菌床购入<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●菌床为<span lang="EN-US">12cm</span>×<span lang="EN-US">17cm</span>的圆柱形,<span lang="EN-US"></span>重量为<span lang="EN-US">1.3kg, </span>菌丝生长占满</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></span>顶部的菌床,每箱放<span lang="EN-US">12</span>个。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●在<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月到<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月期间购入菌床,在有保温设施的培养室内培养。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●购入的菌床应立即放培养棚内<span lang="EN-US">.</span>若装入箱内重叠</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; </span>放置<span lang="EN-US">,</span>一日就引起高温伤害,应特别注意。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>培养<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●培养棚设有角门,换气窗,出入口,遮阳物。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●培养棚兼作出菇棚。为了不使棚倒塌,各立柱应固定在混凝土上。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; </span>┃<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>棚为间距<span lang="EN-US">35CM</span>,<span lang="EN-US">4</span>层结构。<span lang="EN-US">3.3m</span>平方米菌床摆放量为<span lang="EN-US">230</span>个。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●为了在菌床脱袋前充分成熟形成菌膜<span lang="EN-US">,</span>菌床间保持<span lang="EN-US">1CM</span>的间隙排列,</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span>在<span lang="EN-US">23</span>℃条件下,培养<span lang="EN-US">120-150</span>天。培养中应避免直射光,注意通风。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●脱袋时,菌床表面转色达<span lang="EN-US">90%</span>以上为好,培养至菇蕾出现。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>脱袋成熟<span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●<span lang="EN-US">4</span>月到<span lang="EN-US">6</span>月脱袋,脱袋排好后,每日散水<span lang="EN-US">1--2</span>个小时。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●转色过程中,窗户,出入口等打开通风换气。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●因为脱袋刺激,零星长出的,畸形的菇蕾尽快除去,连续散水。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●散水开始,<span lang="EN-US">20--30</span>天,菌床重量减少<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>左右<span lang="EN-US">, </span>降为<span lang="EN-US">1Kg</span>时,</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>出菇管理开始。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>出菇<span lang="EN-US"></span>出菇管理<span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>浸水出菇</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>●浸水的程度由吸水率决定,出菇初期的<span lang="EN-US">5--8</span>月为浸水前重量的</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US">1.1-1.3</span>倍,出菇后期的<span lang="EN-US">9--11</span>月为<span lang="EN-US">1.3--1.6</span>倍<span lang="EN-US">(</span>浸水<span lang="EN-US">6--24</span>小时<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span> </span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>●若不用流动水,应注意异味产生及有害菌的发生。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●出菇开始时,菌床重量以<span lang="EN-US">900</span>克为目标,<span lang="EN-US">1050</span>克以</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>●水温高的时期,使用空调,把水调温至<span lang="EN-US">15</span>℃浸泡。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>●在夏季,浸水<span lang="EN-US">3</span>日后出现菇蕾,<span lang="EN-US">7</span>日时能采收结束。夏季,因为易</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>腐烂,早晚采收后,在冷库中保存。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>●出菇时,原则上不散水。菌床子实体较干时,可适当散水。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>●浸水开始至下次浸水,约<span lang="EN-US">20</span>天左右,<span lang="EN-US"></span>休眠状态的菌床干燥后,</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>吸水困难,导致出菇不良,所以每天散水<span lang="EN-US">1--2</span>小时。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>●浸水次数,由子实体发生量和菌床的状态决定<span lang="EN-US">,</span>一般<span lang="EN-US">5</span>次。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>●若菌床受损<span lang="EN-US">,</span>夏季易发生菇蝇,为除去菇蝇,棚内吊置除菇蝇</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>的装置,效果较好。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃ <span lang="EN-US"></span>惊蕈</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;  </span>●菌床重量为<span lang="EN-US">1kg</span>时,惊蕈操作开始。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>●用直径<span lang="EN-US">18MM</span>的东西<span lang="EN-US">(</span>硬塑料管等<span lang="EN-US">)</span>在菌床的上表面击打<span lang="EN-US">2-3</span>次后,</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"> </span>出菇时每天散水<span lang="EN-US">1-2</span>小时。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></span>●惊蕈<span lang="EN-US">3</span>日后长出的菇蕾,<span lang="EN-US">7</span>日时能采收完。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>┃<span lang="EN-US"></span>●子实体的采收,休眠中的散水管理和上面的<span lang="EN-US">1)</span>浸水出菇相同。</p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US"></span>发生终了<span lang="EN-US"></span>●惊蕈进行<span lang="EN-US">5</span>次。</p>

刀种火耕 发表于 2011-6-2 10:58:35

根据自己的条件决定栽培的方式。

埃及蘑菇 发表于 2011-7-2 19:29:25

因地制宜,洋为中用,这是我国食用菌发展的成功经验。
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