jiansenglee 发表于 2011-4-14 12:05:40

[灌水]想山寨一个灭菌灶

参考论坛前辈的思想,想山寨一个灭菌灶,焊个铁箱箱烧水,上面搞个甑子。烧煤球的。灶如下图,不知道行不行。<br/><br/><br/>

jiansenglee 发表于 2011-4-16 12:21:13

<p>麻烦问您一下,您一摞煤球放几层啊?把炉腔放在水箱中间,如果放的层数太多,就要提高水箱的高度。这样要加热更多的水。这些多的水减慢了加热的速度,而且这部分热水到最后还浪费了。</p>

刀郎 发表于 2011-4-16 17:18:34

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>jiansenglee</i>在2011-4-16 12:21:13的发言:</b><br/>
<p>麻烦问您一下,您一摞煤球放几层啊?把炉腔放在水箱中间,如果放的层数太多,就要提高水箱的高度。这样要加热更多的水。这些多的水减慢了加热的速度,而且这部分热水到最后还浪费了。</p></div>
<p>五层煤高,上面空间有15公分,烟管三条也在水箱里,水不多,上面锅底水深只保持有5-8公分(刚泡住烟管子),铁箱呈倒U字形,热效率比平底的会高一些。加煤时把燃烧的煤球放下面(专门有三个头的蜂窝煤炉引火用,保火用单头蜂窝煤炉,提前扩大即可),使用很方便。</p>

刀郎 发表于 2011-4-16 17:21:12

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>jiansenglee</i>在2011-4-16 12:21:13的发言:</b><br/>
<p>麻烦问您一下,您一摞煤球放几层啊?把炉腔放在水箱中间,如果放的层数太多,就要提高水箱的高度。这样要加热更多的水。这些多的水减慢了加热的速度,而且这部分热水到最后还浪费了。</p></div>
<p>五层煤高,上面空间有15公分,烟管三条也在水箱里,水不多,上面锅底水深只保持有5-8公分(刚泡住烟管子),铁箱呈倒U字形,热效率比平底的会高一些。加煤时把燃烧的煤球放下面(专门有三个头的蜂窝煤炉引火用,保火用单头蜂窝煤炉,提前扩大即可),使用很方便。</p>

刀郎 发表于 2011-4-17 20:42:51

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>jiansenglee</i>在2011-4-17 14:00:42的发言:</b><br/>
<p>谢谢您的数据。麻烦再问一下,烟管的高度是多少啊,我准备把出烟口就开在铁箱上口的水平面,然后在上面的柜子外加一个夹层。用烟来做一个保温层。不知道这样行不行?</p></div>
<p>烟管在锅里(也叫铁箱子为锅)是水平的,烟排到外面,也就是用烟做的夹层保温层,最后从顶上排放出去。用烟做保温层效果那是大大的好,注意夹层不能太宽了,否则保温的“火”温度不够。</p>

jiansenglee 发表于 2011-4-17 14:58:02

接着算升温时的热量:<br/>很多数字都是拍脑袋拍出来的,希望不吝赐教:<br/>干培养料的密度是<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="270" unitname="公斤"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">270</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">KG</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">m3(拍脑袋的数据)。1m3的干料加水为270KG。干培养料的比热为2730J/KG度。培养料中的空气含量为培养料的体积减去压紧后培养料的体积(培养料压紧后的密度是0.9KG/m3(拍脑袋的数据)):<br/>干培养料需要的热量为:<br/><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">2*0.27*1000*2.73*1000*100=147420000J</span><br/>培养料中水需要的热量为:<br/><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">2*0.27*1000*4.2*1000*100=226800000J</span><br/>培养料中空气需要的热量为:<br/>
<p><a name="OLE_LINK6"></a><a name="OLE_LINK5">2*</a>(1-270/900)*0.3*4.2*1000*100=176400J<br/>总共需要的热量为:&nbsp; </p>
<p>147420000+226800000+176400=374396400J<br/>需要奸商没加黄土的蜂窝煤为:<br/><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">374396400/<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">19924800</span>=<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="12.73413668" unitname="kg"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">18.79047</span>KG<br/>水箱的体积为:<br/><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">1*1*0.8-0.8*0.3*0.35*2=0.632m3<br/>把水加热到100度需要的热量为:<br/>0.632*1000*4.2*1000*100=265440000J<br/>需要没加黄土的蜂窝煤</p>
<p>265440000/<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">19924800</span>=13.32209KG<br/>在这个过程中还要一柜子的100度水蒸气,需要的热能为:<br/><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">0.6*2</span><a name="OLE_LINK7"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">*2257*1000</span></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">=2708400J</span>(100<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">温度水蒸气的密度是0.6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">(</span><span lang="EN-US">kg/m3),汽化热为2257000J/KG</span><span lang="EN-US">)<br/>水箱需要总热量为:<br/>265440000+2708400=268148400J<br/>需要没加黄土的蜂窝煤:<br/>268148400/<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">19924800</span>=13.45802KG<br/>假设4小时加热到100度:</p>
<p>温度低时的损耗比温度高时低,如果加热速度是均匀的话,损耗应该是最高损耗的一半。理论上,温度越高,升温时间越长。所以拍脑袋拍个0.7的系数。</p>
<p>升温过程的损耗为:</p>
<p><a name="OLE_LINK8">0.7*2000*60*60*4</a>=20160000J<br/>没加黄土的蜂窝煤为</p>
<p>20160000/<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">19924800</span>=<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">1.011804</span>KG<br/>总共需要蜂窝煤为:<br/><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="12.73413668" unitname="kg"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">18.79047</span></st1:chmetcnv>+13.45802+1.011804=<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">33.26029</span>KG<br/>实际需要<br/><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">33.26029</span>*2=<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">66.52059KG<br/>加上后期保温的煤为:<br/><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">66.52059</span>+6=72.52约74公斤<br/>费用为37元.<br/>乘上1个1.5的保险系数<br/>37*1.5=55.5元<br/>每KG干料的费用为:<br/>55.5/(0.27*2*1000)=0.1元合每斤0.05元。<br/>根据刀郎先生的提示,准备下一步改进一下水箱的体积和烟道争取再省一点点。</span></p></span></span></st1:chmetcnv></span></span>

jiansenglee 发表于 2011-4-17 14:00:42

<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>刀郎</i>在2011-4-16 17:21:12的发言:</b><br/>
<p>五层煤高,上面空间有15公分,烟管三条也在水箱里,水不多,上面锅底水深只保持有5-8公分(刚泡住烟管子),铁箱呈倒U字形,热效率比平底的会高一些。加煤时把燃烧的煤球放下面(专门有三个头的蜂窝煤炉引火用,保火用单头蜂窝煤炉,提前扩大即可),使用很方便。</p></div>
<p>谢谢您的数据。麻烦再问一下,烟管的高度是多少啊,我准备把出烟口就开在铁箱上口的水平面,然后在上面的柜子外加一个夹层。用烟来做一个保温层。不知道这样行不行?</p>

jiansenglee 发表于 2011-4-17 17:42:32

<br/>我想把它改成个Y字形的,不知道这样可不可以。麻烦问一下,在水箱里面烟道的角度多大合适,我准备装4到10根<br/>

jiansenglee 发表于 2011-4-18 15:04:30

<p>初步算了一下,搞烟保温好像不行。保温的时候每秒消耗煤约为0.0001KG,消耗的空气是<a name="OLE_LINK1">0.00048m3,如果进入夹层的温度是800度的话,带的热是</a><a name="OLE_LINK1">0.00048</a><a name="OLE_LINK1">*4838.4</a>=&nbsp; 2.322432J,相当于2.32W,远低于散热的1000多瓦。</p>

刀郎 发表于 2011-4-18 09:52:06

<font face="Verdana">装水的锅在这里实际上已经变形、变身,准确的称呼应该叫热交换器了。热交换器的热交换面积当然比平常的锅大。而且配有水位显示和水位控制。用“火”做保温除保温外还可对蒸气再加热,形成温度超过100度的过热蒸气。这样的炉做好了用于工厂化是相当的方便省事。</font>
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