[原创]塑袋菌生产成品率：细节决定成败
<p class="g_p_center g_t_wrap=" id="blogtitle_fks_082065083084088064087084094095087094085070084084081069" style="MARGIN-TOP: 15px; MARGIN-LEFT: 15px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 15px" dotted? 1px="1px" BORDER-BOTTOM: 760px; WIDTH: auto; 15px? brd01? c07="c07" g_c_pdin="g_c_pdin" g_t_20="g_t_20" g_t_left="g_t_left" g_t_wrap?><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '微软雅黑','黑体',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif">菌袋生产总结 ：请前辈多指教-----------塑袋菌生产成品率：细节决定成败</span><span class="g_t_10 c08"> </span></p><div class="g_p_center g_t_right=" style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px; WIDTH: 760px" g_c_pdin="g_c_pdin" c08? g_h_20="g_h_20" g_t_right?>
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<p>注意点：</p>
<p>1.栽培料的准备和拌料预湿环节：使用电筛，去掉袋内杂物。预湿时间要够，防物料尖杂刺破菌袋。</p>
<p>2.注意装袋各个环节：装袋机套袋及下袋部位要光滑，掉袋及摆放料袋范围内地方要平整，要经常清理杂物，防刺破菌袋。</p>
<p>3.棉塞要大小适合，松紧适度，旋入套圈内要深浅适度，严防大头小尾（容易掉进袋口内）或小头大尾（严防脱出）松紧度为手提棉塞，菌袋不落下为标准。</p>
<p>4.菌筐要注意防刺破菌袋，装筐和搬筐时都要注意，防地面拖筐。</p>
<p>5.往锅内摆筐时要注意遮盖棉塞，注意锅边和下层水分进入袋内。</p>
<p>6.灭菌时4个小时内必须温度达到100度。并持续8-10个小时，中途不能降温，不能加水，时间达到后停火自然冷却排净蒸汽后，出锅。雨天要拖后出锅。</p>
<p>7.接菌环节要严格执行空气灭菌和无菌操作。</p>
<p>8菌袋上架时要轻拿轻放，注意培养温度、湿度、通风、污染袋隔离。倒架子时注意防棉塞脱落。</p>
<p>菌袋污染有下列几种表现：袋口污染-----接菌时污染</p>
<p> 袋内污染-----灭菌不彻底污染 </p>
<p> 袋底污染------菌袋低刺破小洞造成污染</p></div></div></div> <font face="Verdana"> <a href="http://lyxfd.com/product.asp">发菌时温度与通风的控制是十分关键啊!!!!!<br/></a><font face="Verdana"><strong> http://lyxfd.com/product.asp</strong></font></font> <p>谢谢老顽童！</p> 谢谢富康真菌！ 很好的帖子，非常中肯。细节决定胜败。
[原创]求购棉子壳，玉米芯QQ1104940050电话13992481446急
<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>老玩童</i>在2009-7-22 9:28:19的发言：</b><br/>很好的帖子，非常中肯。细节决定胜败。 </div><p>支持下！！</p> <font size="5"> 培养环境带菌，菌种带菌也会造成污染。</font> 希望多一些此类帖子！支持！
不错
<p>借毛老师的才气了：转过来的文章-----------<br/><b style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; LINE-HEIGHT: 15px">[原创]黑木耳菌袋培养注意要点</b> <span class="font10" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20px"><img alt="发帖心情" src="http://www.mbbs.com.cn/skins/Default/topicface/face1.gif"/> Post By：2009-7-31 19:32:30 </span><br/><br/><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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<td align="middle">作者：毛玉帮 | 来源：********** | 发布时间：2009-6-24 | 浏览次数：<font color="#ff0000">29</font>次 </td></tr>
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<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">黑木耳春季栽培，我国北方室外较冷时，要采用室内养菌，要充分利用室外春季自然温度出耳。便采用室内集中养菌，室外出耳的方法。<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">培养室可利用房屋，房间内搭培养架，培养架宽<span lang="EN-US">80</span>～<span lang="EN-US">100</span>㎝，长度不限，层间距离<span lang="EN-US">35</span>㎝，<span lang="EN-US">6</span>～<span lang="EN-US">8</span>层床架，过高导致上下层温差过大，管理不方便。床架用角铁或原木搭建，并在窗上安装排风扇。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">培养室内的各方面条件应满足黑木耳菌丝生长的发菌要求，培养室具体要求如下：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、有良好的控温、调湿、通风设施。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、要有闭光措施。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、要经严格的消毒杀虫处理。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、环境卫生良好，远离污染源。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、根据生产实际情况进行搭架，充分利用空间。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">培养室的消毒措施：培养室在袋放入前应进行严格消毒，墙壁刷生石灰，并用<span lang="EN-US">2%</span>～<span lang="EN-US">3%</span>的来苏尔溶液喷雾消毒，然后用气雾消毒盒熏蒸。地面撒一层白灰粉。为防止虫害，在使用前培养室也应用<span lang="EN-US">0.1%</span>敌敌畏喷雾一次。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">菌袋接种后，应及时上架摆袋，袋要轻拿轻放，切忌用手直接拎袋口，这样很容易造成污染。在架上摆放袋要间隔<span lang="EN-US">1</span>㎝以上，便于通风降温。千万不要为了追求单位面积的数量而加大菌袋数量。这个时期的技术管理规程如下：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、温度控制：温度对黑木耳的发育至关重要，它关系到菌丝生长的速度，菌丝对培养基分解能力的强弱，菌丝分泌酶的活性高低和菌丝生长的强壮程度。黑木耳菌丝生长的最适温度在<span lang="EN-US">22</span>～<span lang="EN-US">26</span>℃，以<span lang="EN-US">25</span>℃生长最佳。但在温度控制要注意：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）随培养基内菌丝生长量的增加，菌丝发热程度将逐步加强，通常以最适培养温度为基准，每<span lang="EN-US">5</span>天降<span lang="EN-US">1</span>℃。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）菌袋内菌丝在袋内小气候生长其温度一般比外部空间高<span lang="EN-US">2</span>～<span lang="EN-US">3</span>℃，因此，室内控温时应当掌握在最适温度之下<span lang="EN-US">2</span>～<span lang="EN-US">3</span>℃为宜。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）菌袋培养应严格注意菌温、气温、堆温的关系，严防烧堆。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）菌袋培养要有冬季能低温，夏季能降温的措施。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<span lang="EN-US">5</span>）黑木耳菌袋培养温度要求“前高后低，守低勿高”的原则。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">培养初期：即接种后<span lang="EN-US">3</span>天以内，培养室的温度应适当高些，以<span lang="EN-US">26</span>～<span lang="EN-US">28</span>℃为宜。使刚接种的菌丝迅速恢复生长。菌丝萌发快，生长迅速，能减少杂菌污染。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">培养前期：即接种后<span lang="EN-US">3</span>天至<span lang="EN-US">5</span>天内，培养室的温度以<span lang="EN-US">24</span>～<span lang="EN-US">26</span>℃较为适宜。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">培养中期：即接种后<span lang="EN-US">15</span>天后～<span lang="EN-US">35</span>天，以温度<span lang="EN-US">22</span>～<span lang="EN-US">24</span>℃较为适宜，这个时期木耳菌丝已占优势，虽然室温较低，但菌体本身代谢也会增加温度，菌丝也快速健壮生长。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">培养后期：接种后<span lang="EN-US">35</span>天以后，菌丝快发至袋低部，即培养将要结束的<span lang="EN-US">10</span>天内，再将温度降至<span lang="EN-US">18</span>～<span lang="EN-US">22</span>℃，菌丝在较低温度下生长很健壮，营养分解吸收充分，这样培养出的菌袋出耳早、分化快、抗病力强、产量高。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">（<span lang="EN-US">6</span>）当菌丝吃料<span lang="EN-US">1</span>∕<span lang="EN-US">3</span>时，绝不可使温度超过<span lang="EN-US">30</span>℃，以<span lang="EN-US">25</span>℃以下为宜。<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span>因为在超温下培养的菌丝不死也伤，没等划口出耳，菌丝就会收缩发软吐黄水，不仅划口处易生长绿霉，而且子实体也很难长出，这就是所谓的“高温后遗症”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、湿度控制：由于黑木耳菌丝体是在袋内生长，只要培养基水份适宜，湿度控制比较容易，为有效地防止杂菌侵入，培养室湿度应以“宜干不宜湿”，空气相对湿度保持在<span lang="EN-US">45</span>～<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>为宜。若湿度过大，可在培养室内多撒白灰粉吸潮，或加强通风排湿。若发菌期过于干燥，接入的菌种在袋内发干，不宜萌发，可在地面喷<span lang="EN-US">2%</span>白灰水使其达到湿度要求。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、空气控制：应掌握“先小后大，先少后多”的原则，培养的前<span lang="EN-US">7</span>～<span lang="EN-US">10</span>天，如果不超温可不用通风。菌丝萌发生长封面后应及时通风，每天中午通风<span lang="EN-US">1</span>次，每次<span lang="EN-US">1h</span>。菌丝长至袋面<span lang="EN-US">1</span>∕<span lang="EN-US">3</span>以后应加大通风换气次数，每天早、中、晚各通风<span lang="EN-US">1</span>次，每次<span lang="EN-US">1h</span>，必要时打开门窗进行大通风一次。越到菌丝生长后期越要注意通风，加大通风量“通风治百病”。总之，黑木耳菌是好气性真菌，在培养室内要注意通风换气，要有适当的通风设施。另外要注意空气的对流，最低限度使培养室内不气闷，无异味。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、光照控制：黑木耳菌丝生长阶段不要光线，光照菌丝易老化，诱发耳基形成，形成半袋出耳，影响后期产量。因此，黑木耳发菌室应有遮光措施，即“暗光培养，宁黑勿亮”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、菌袋检查与处理：菌袋培养头<span lang="EN-US">3</span>～<span lang="EN-US">5</span>天，对菌丝进行第一次粗检。主要检查菌种是否萌发成活，<span lang="EN-US">7</span>～<span lang="EN-US">10</span>天再检查<span lang="EN-US">1</span>次，主要检查菌丝长势及污染情况；<span lang="EN-US">15</span>天左右全面仔细检查一次。详细检查菌袋污染情况，将污染菌袋按污染的种类及污染程度分别处理，污染较轻的可以用药剂处理，用<span lang="EN-US">75%</span>酒精加绿霉净混合液注射到杂菌袋里，（也可用<span lang="EN-US">30mi</span>甲醛加<span lang="EN-US">50mi75%</span>酒精混合液处理）注射面应大于污染面。注射后贴上胶布，然后移到低温<span lang="EN-US">15</span>℃以下培养，温度低霉菌很难生长，黑木耳菌丝反而长的更壮，这样菌丝就会吃掉杂菌菌丝，照样正常长耳。个别污染严重的菌袋，不能随便扔弃，应集中在一起，将袋内料倒出，堆在一起盖上塑料布发酵（将袋烧掉）后做新的培养基原料。如袋内培养料已发臭，或感染链孢霉的袋，应深埋处理，防止造成交叉感染。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">黑木耳菌袋在适宜的条件下，一般<span lang="EN-US">40</span>～<span lang="EN-US">50</span>天菌丝可发满全袋，再培养<span lang="EN-US">5</span>～<span lang="EN-US">10</span>天早熟品种可划口出耳。但晚熟品种还需要再培养<span lang="EN-US">30</span>～<span lang="EN-US">40</span>天，主要原因是有效积温达不到难以出耳。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">优质菌袋质量标准为：（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）外观检查菌丝洁白，呈短绒毛状，上下均匀有弹性，粗短、密齐，袋无米黄色积水，没有干涸收缩现象，袋口往下至料面空袋处有许多亮晶晶的小水珠，无杂菌污染，生长后期袋面可见小部分米粒状黑点原基。（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）镜检菌丝着色深，分枝多，分枝角度大，有锁状联合，生长点明显可见。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">劣质菌袋质量标准：（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）袋内有活的杂菌。（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）菌丝出现自溶现象。（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）菌柱干涸，脱水现象严重，且料与袋脱壁。（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）袋底有黄色或褐色液体。（<span lang="EN-US">5</span>）菌丝不呈绒毛状，无弹力，手按发散。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></p>
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