[原创]也谈液体菌种设备和技术---续
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">(续)电磁式气泵的能耗低气量大,但压力低(仅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">0.03-0.05mpa</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">能与大多数罐配用;无油空压机(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">膜片式)压力中等,活塞式空压机压力大、能耗高;以</span><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="500" unitname="升"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">500</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">升</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">罐为列用电磁式气泵和用活塞式空压机相比能耗相差</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3-4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">倍、月电费相差千元以上。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">二</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">对液体菌种技术的认识</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">多品种规模化生产证明液体菌种生产技术已经成熟。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">技术是生产应用液体菌种成功与否的关键,相同的设备不同的人员操作结果大不一样,有的可以连续几个月生产不会出现污染,而有的可能罐罐都污染,菌种质量的优劣也相差很大。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">基本现状</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">培养基的配方、培养条件的控制已有较多的研究报道,各有特点,培养结果也不完全相同,如菌球的大小(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1—</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">几</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">mm</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">)、数量(每毫升几百</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">—</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">几千个),用直观的方法即菌丝占液体的百分比列来看(静止</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2hr)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">如香菇、双孢菇为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">50-95</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、平菇金针菇黑木耳鸡腿菇杏孢菇白灵菇为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">80-98</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,很多品种已经在生产中正常应用液体菌种。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">培养基的选择</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">很多原料可以做液体培养基,如玉米粉、土豆、面粉、麸皮、豆粕、蛋白胨、酵母膏、葡萄糖</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、蔗糖等,所选原料可以因地制宜,如用量小时主料用土豆、用量大时多用玉米粉,没有蛋白胨时用豆粕或黄豆。不同配方的最终培养液</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ph</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">值是不会一样的,一般高氮配方</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ph</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">值高,低氮配方</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ph</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">值低(如香菇不同配方培养后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ph</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">值为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3.5-6.5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">)。粘度高则菌球小,氮多则菌球疏松,生产中注意调节。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">无菌操作过程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">这是液体菌种培养的关键,整个过程中不能有一个细菌进入发酵液中。采用电磁式摇床培养液体菌种时可以在接入试管菌种后静止培养</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3-4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">天,观察无污染后再摇动培养,可以有效避免菌种带杂菌;发酵罐及空气系统先空消一次再做培养液,摇瓶菌种接入发酵罐的过程是最易被污染的操作过程,操作中必须对罐体的接种口进行严格消毒,火焰圈应该完整控制接种口,摇瓶管口与罐体接种口的对接应在火焰中进行,接种完后迅速关闭接种口;种子罐与下一级培养罐的连接管道最好在使用前再次蒸汽灭菌一次。培养期间应始终预防系统产生负压。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">抗生素的使用问题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 17.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">抗生素主要用于预防细菌污染,虽有一定的效果但不提倡使用,试验中如果发酵液被污染了再用抗生素来治疗,即使用量加大到一般用量的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3-5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">倍也不可能阻止细菌的繁殖,这说明抗生素不是万能的,而且在生产中某些抗生素在液体菌种培养中曾经引起食用菌遗传性的改变,导致不出菇(如茶薪菇、紫木耳),复合使用或先后使用两种抗生素可能更易使遗传性发生改变,导致不出菇。实验中还发现有些抗生素达到一定浓度可以使鸡腿菇菌丝不生长,某抗生素只要较低浓度就可以抑制黑木耳菌丝的生长,所以应该认识到抗生素对食用菌菌丝生长是有影响的;同时大多数抗生素都有一个代谢失效的过程,如果不能杀死细菌而只能抑制细菌的话等到抗生素失效时培养液仍然会被污染</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> 生产液体种时最好不用抑菌剂对吧? 学习,学习,再学习。。。 那么空气过滤用机还是无油的比较合适吗<br/> <p>尽量不要用,浪费金钱。</p> <p>怎么和网上的文章一样.没有实际工作经验.</p>
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